Hybrid Expertise: Economic Knowledge Production in Tanzania, 1965-1985

从20世纪60年代末开始，达累斯萨拉姆大学（UDSM）成为非洲激进激进主义和学术严谨的重要中心之一。坦桑尼亚执政党对社会主义和自力更生目标的承诺吸引了富有同情心的外国学者，他们遇到了在国外和UDSM受过教育的坦桑尼亚知识分子。通过采访和对当代文本的研究，我的项目调查了坦桑尼亚经济学家如何为关于向社会主义过渡和打击不发达的全球辩论做出贡献，这些辩论集中在UDSM。它还调查了他们的智力工作如何塑造了坦桑尼亚政治家和决策者的政治想象力。经济文献将是我的核心资料来源，尤其是达累斯萨拉姆经济研究局（Economic Research Bureau）从1965年到1985年重组期间的工作论文、学生论文和杂志，以及坦桑尼亚银行等政府机构的研究成果。《Utafiti》和《非洲发展》等专著和期刊也将是重要的主要来源。仔细阅读这些文本（除爱丁堡大学的学生论文外），将产生关于特定个人提出的论点、动机和智力资源的案例研究，最终支持对涉及生产有关工业化、出口和粮食作物生产以及坦桑尼亚货币体系管理等争议问题的经济知识的智力工作的平衡描述。在科学与发展研究所和达累斯萨拉姆国家图书馆地下室举行的年度报告等机构文件载有关于研究和讨论会方案、工作人员和资金来源的资料，而报纸（如《每日新闻》和《乌胡鲁报》，这两份报纸都在大英图书馆提供）将被用来建立对当代关于经济问题的辩论的更广泛的了解。我还将查阅Dodoma的Chama cha Mapinduzi （CCM）政党档案，以便为讨论经济知识生产与政策制定之间的关系建立更有力的证据基础。最后，大量数字化的联合国和世界银行档案包含了1976年在内罗毕举行的贸发会议等国际论坛的详细信息，在这些论坛上讨论了建立新能源组织的建议。最后，我打算对Samuel Wangwe等著名经济学家进行采访，以便更全面地了解坦桑尼亚的经济知识生产及其与个人关系和学者个人愿望的关系。与受访者建立关系可以方便地获取诸如个人文件之类的资源，但对于理解坦桑尼亚经济学家回应全球学术辩论的方式尤其重要。在许多已发表的文本中，这被机构有义务进行与政策相关的研究所掩盖。

From the late 1960s, the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) became one of the foremost centres of radical activism and intellectually rigorous scholarship in Africa. The commitment of Tanzania's governing party to goals of socialism and self-reliance attracted sympathetic foreign scholars, who encountered Tanzanian intellectuals educated both abroad and at UDSM. Through interviews and the study of contemporary texts, my project investigates how Tanzanian economists contributed to the global debates about transitioning to socialism and combatting underdevelopment that became concentrated at UDSM. It also investigates how their intellectual work shaped the political imaginations of Tanzanian politicians and policy makers.Economic texts will be my core sources, especially the working papers produced at the Economic Research Bureau in Dar es Salaam from 1965 until its reorganisation in 1985, student dissertations and magazines, and the research produced at government institutions like the Bank of Tanzania. Monographs and journals such as Utafiti and Africa Development will also be important primary sources. Close readings of these texts (most except student dissertations accessible at Edinburgh) will yield case studies of the arguments made, concerns motivating, and intellectual resources drawn upon by specific individuals, ultimately supporting a balanced account of the intellectual work involved in producing economic knowledge about contested issues like industrialisation, export and food crop production, and the management of Tanzania's monetary system. Institutional documents such as annual reports, held at UDSM and in the basement of the National Library in Dar es Salaam, contain information about research and seminar programmes, staff, and sources of funding, while newspapers (e.g., Daily News and Uhuru, both available at the British Library) will be used to build up a broader understanding of contemporary debates about economic issues. I would also access the Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party archives in Dodoma in order to establish a more robust evidence base for discussing the relationship between economic knowledge production and policy making. Lastly, the largely digitised UN and World Bank archives contain details about international forums like the 1976 UNCTAD conference in Nairobi at which proposals for a NIEO were debated. Finally, I intend to conduct interviews with prominent economists like Samuel Wangwe in order to gain a more holistic understanding of Tanzanian economic knowledge production and its relation to the personal relations and aspirations of individual scholars. Establishing relationships with interviewees could facilitate access to sources like personal papers, but will be especially important for understanding the ways in which Tanzanian economists were responding to global intellectual debates. This is obscured in many published texts by institutional obligations to produce policy-relevant research.