Historiography and the Hills: environmental thought and history-writing in western Britain during a long twelfth century (c.1070-1230)

我的项目研究了英国西部中世纪史学（c.1070-1230）中的历史化环境思想，通过分析这些文本并构建案例研究来将环境思想置于背景中。“环境思维”是关于（野生或驯服的）非人类的思考，从动物和植物到景观和气候。通过关注历史化思想，我将分析非人类之间以及与人类之间随着时间的推移的动态联系。我通过这些研究问题来解决这个问题：1。中世纪晚期的作家是如何将他们的环境想象成历史产物的？这种想象又是如何改变的？2.这些作者的历史化环境和当代环境之间的关系是什么？3.环境和景观的历史化与神学思想有什么关系？4.手稿、体裁和语言语境如何影响作者将他们的环境历史化？虽然“英国西部”（英格兰西南部，威尔士，英格兰西北部和苏格兰西南部）是一个综合地区，但它具有内部一致性作为研究背景。一种共同的书写历史的文化将该区域内外的中心联系在一起。在环境方面，来自海洋和大气系统的共同气候影响提供了统一性，并通过不同的小气候进行调节。此外，冰川后的地形是景观分类中公认的统一性的基础。我将使用一套广泛的历史编纂学文本来回答问题1、3和4。这包括Hagiographies（如尼尼安和Kentigern的生活，以及威尔士和康沃尔语圣徒的Gotha，Llandaf和Vespasian生活），以及编年史和历史（如Brut y Tywysogion，Malmsbury的William的作品和Walter Map）。此外，我将使用手稿上下文来绘制与其他来源的联系，如《兰达夫书》中的宪章，这些宪章也将环境历史化。我将通过超越这些文本来解决问题1，2和4，选择具体的案例研究来处理古环境数据（这些数据是不完整的，需要小心应用）和记录，如宪章，将这些理解置于其物质环境中。本作品的案例研究重点使详细的分析在区域范围内的项目时间框架内易于管理。使用史学来访问环境思想是一种新颖的方法，它将揭示自然背景下丰富的中世纪历史文化。我的方法将提供一个时间上的细微差别的贡献，环境文化的历史知识，解包什么是环境的“现在”和“然后”的作者和这些差异的使用。认识到这些纠缠为这些来源和产生它们的社会提供了新的视角，影响了对两者的研究。这是一部回应二十一世纪挑战的历史性著作。

My project examines historicising environmental thought in medieval historiography (c.1070-1230) from western Britain, by analysing these texts and constructing case studies to contextualise environmental thought. 'Environmental thinking' is thought about (wild or tamed) non-humans from animals and plants to landscapes and climate. By focusing on historicising thought I will analyse thought about the dynamic connections between non-humans, and with humans, over time. I address this through these research questions:1. How did high medieval authors imagine their environments as historical products, and how did this change? 2. What is the relationship between the historicised and contemporary environments of these authors?3. What was the relationship of historicisations of environment and landscape to theological thought?4. How did manuscript, genre, and linguistic contexts influence how authors historicised their environments? Whilst 'western Britain' (South West England, Wales, North West England and South West Scotland) is a synthetic region, it has internal coherence as a context for research. A shared history-writing culture linked centres within and outside the region. Environmentally, a shared climatic influence from oceanic and atmospheric systems provided unity, mediated through diverse microclimates. Additionally, post-glacial topography underlaid the unities that have been recognised in landscape categorisations. I will address Questions 1, 3, and 4 textually using a broad set of historiography written c.1070-1230 in 'western Britain'. This includes Hagiographies (such as lives of Ninian and Kentigern, and the Gotha, Llandaf, and Vespasian lives of Welsh and Cornish Saints), and Chronicles and Histories (such as Brut y Tywysogion, the work of William of Malmsbury, and Walter Map). Additionally, I will use manuscript contexts to draw out connections with other sources, like the charters in the Book of Llandaf, that also historicise environments. I will address questions 1, 2 and 4 by moving beyond these texts, choosing specific case studies to work with paleoenvironmental data (which is patchy and needs to be applied with care) and records, like charters, to contextualise these understandings within their material environment. The case study focus of this work makes detailed analysis manageable for the timeframe of the project within the regional scope.Using historiography to access environmental thought is a novel approach, that will reveal a richly entangled high medieval historical culture in its natural context. My approach will give a temporally nuanced contribution to enviro-cultural historical knowledge, unpacking what was the environment 'now' and 'then' for authors and the uses of these differences. Recognising these entanglements casts new light on these sources and the societies that produced them, impacting the study of both. This is historical work that responds to the challenges of the twenty-first century.