Applying sub-nanosecond Timing Detectors Beyond Particle Physics

该项目将专注于新开发的Tiempix4.2混合像素检测器读出ASIC的测量，并开发其与基于低增益雪崩二极管的传感器的使用。Timepix4+LGAD配对将产生200 ps时间分辨率的成像探测器，低光级光学灵敏度，并可进入弱x射线区（1-5keV）。最初的工作将集中在Timepix4 ASIC的特性上，特别是第一年将针对x射线和100keV尺度电子的探测量子效率（DQE）和分辨率平均传递函数（MTF）的测量，以及所需相关校准技术的开发。这将包括一个Allpix2模拟电子与传感器的相互作用，然后尝试通过利用Timepix4的时间和能量分辨能力来提高分辨率。Timepix4的关键功能之一是优于200ps的高时序分辨率，为了在实践中实现这一精度，需要非常好的理解和校准Timepix4 ASIC上的内部效果。为了研究这一点，将使用ps精度的激光扫描像素矩阵来探测与Timepix4结合的光学敏感硅传感器。然后，该项目将重点开发基于Timepix4的传感器在以下相关领域的应用，并与有兴趣使用Timepix4的合作伙伴进行校准。牛津大学化学系-在之前的飞行时间质谱（ToFMS）成像工作的基础上，研究使用带有微通道平板电子放大器的裸Timepix4 ASICS，或使用基于LGAD的传感器直接成像离子的可能性。牛津大学材料系(OM) -利用Timepix4读取电子显微镜，特别强调Timepix4的带宽改进，并通过测量每个入射电子的传感器电荷沉积模式的特性来增加空间分辨率。牛津考古部门- Timepix4的大面积和低噪声能力，潜在地与高z或厚硅传感器相结合，将允许非常低的速率，精确的考古样品伽马射线剂量测定，主要是通过利用探测器的宇宙背景排斥能力。特别是，最初的x射线成像和电子显微镜应用对我们的CASE工业合作伙伴量子探测器有限公司有很大的兴趣，这在CASE项目的两个方面之间提供了高度的重叠。

The project will focus on measurements of the newly developed Tiempix4.2 Hybrid Pixel Detector readout ASIC, and develop towards its use with a Low Gain Avalanche Diode based sensor. The Timepix4+LGAD pairing will produce an imaging detector with 200 ps time resolution, low light level optical sensitivity and access to the tender X-ray regime (1-5keV). Initial work will focus on the characterisation of the Timepix4 ASIC, and in particular the first year will target measurements of the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) and resolution Mean Transfer Function (MTF) with both x-rays and 100keV scale electrons, as well as the development of required related calibration techniques. This will include an Allpix2 simulation of the electron interaction with the sensor, and then attempt to improve the resolving power by making use of the timing and energy resolving capabilities of the Timepix4.One of the key capabilities of the Timepix4 is the high timing resolution of better than 200ps, to achieve this this precision in practise requires a very good understanding and calibration of the Internal effects on the Timepix4 ASIC. To investigate this an optically sensitive silicon sensor bonded to a Timepix4 will be probed using a ps accurate laser scanned across the pixel matrix.The project will then focus on developing the application of Timepix4 based sensor in the following related areas based on calibrations with partners interested in making use of the Timepix4.Oxford Chemistry Department - Building on previous Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (ToFMS), imaging work, looking at the possibility of using bare Timepix4 ASICS with a microchannel plate electron amplifier, or direct imaging of ions with an LGAD based sensor.Oxford Materials Dept (OM) - Making use of the Timepix4 to read out an electron microscope, with a particular emphasis on the improved bandwidth of the Timepix4 and increasing the spatial resolution by measuring the properties of the sensor charge deposition pattern for each incident electron.Oxford Archaeology Department - The large area and low noise capabilities of the Timepix4, potentially coupled to high z or thick silicon sensors will allow very low rate, precision gamma ray dosimetry of arachnological samples, primarily by making use of the cosmic background rejection capabilities of the detector.In particular, the initial x-ray imaging and electron microscopy applications have significant interest for our CASE industrial partner Quantum Detectors Ltd, which provides a high level of overlap between the two aspects of the CASE project.