DESIGN OF COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS

当前和未来的技术有望让个人保持在独立的生活环境中。为了使这种技术进步能够成功地支持老年人，我们必须了解家中老年人的具体需求，他们与技术互动的能力和局限性，所谓的技术解决方案所施加的限制，以及影响家中技术接受和隐私问题的因素。 拟议研究的具体目标是： ?查明和评价在满足可促进老年人健康、独立和积极参与的技术需求方面的需求和障碍。 ?具体说明促进或抑制共生关系的变量，共生关系必须存在，智能技术才能有效。 ?确定定义隐私结构的关键因素。 ?了解独立和交互地影响协作人机系统中信任的变量。 ?确定展示设计的特征，以支持任务操作和解释性判断。 ?为老年人设计的协作系统制定设计标准。 拟议的研究计划有四个主要项目，每个项目都将有助于实现具体目标。拟议研究计划的项目及其相关研究目标如下： 家庭支持需求和感知效益分类-确定人们需要支持的活动和心理过程;为日常活动制定家庭支持需求分类。了解隐私问题-制定隐私结构的框架;了解影响对个人和环境中侵犯隐私的恐惧的因素。协作系统中的接受-了解机器可靠性对接受和依赖机器信息的作用。任务操作和解释性判断的技术支持-确定机器的特定特征，这些特征将导致支持任务操作和解释性判断。

Current and future technology holds the promise for allowing individuals to remain in independent living environments. For such technological advances to be successful in supporting older adults, we must understand the specific needs of older adults in the home, their capabilities and limitations in interacting with technologies, the constraints imposed by the purported technological solutions, and the factors that influence acceptance and privacy concerns related to technology in the home. The specific aims of the proposed research are to: ? Identify and evaluate needs and barriers to meeting the needs for technologies that can promote health, independence, and active engagement of older persons. ? Specify the variables that facilitate or inhibit the symbiotic relationship that must exist for smart technology to be effective. ? Determine critical factors that define the construct of privacy. ? Understand variables that independently and interactively influence trust in collaborative human-machine systems. ? Determine the characteristics of display design for support of task actions and interpretative judgments. ? Develop design standards for collaborative systems designed for older adults. There are four major projects of the proposed research program, each of which will contribute to the specific aims. The projects of the proposed research program and their associated research goals are as follows: Taxonomy of In-Home Support Needs and Perceived Benefits - determine the activities and psychological processes for which people need support; develop taxonomy of in-home support needs for everyday activities. Understanding Privacy Concerns - develop a framework for the construct of privacy; understand the factors that influence fears about violations of privacy across individuals and contexts. Acceptance in Collaborative Systems - understand the role of machine reliability on the acceptance of and reliance on machine information. Technology Support for Task Actions and Interpretive Judgments - determine the specific characteristics of the machine that will lead to support for task actions and interpretive judgments.