Anti-doping education in the wake of the International Standard for Education: A case study of British karate

拟议的项目旨在评估英国空手道联合会在2021年引入世界反兴奋剂机构的国际教育标准(ISE)后，如何应对该标准。ISE是一份详细说明世界反兴奋剂机构对反兴奋剂教育计划的要求的文件，由4个关键部分和全面指导组成。这一领域对反兴奋剂研究很重要，因为迄今为止很少有研究评估反兴奋剂教育方案的有效性，而且这些研究是在反兴奋剂教育之前进行的。此外，迄今为止，该领域的大多数研究都研究了与兴奋剂有关的心理因素，但评估这些因素在现有反兴奋剂教育中如何处理的研究几乎是不存在的。尤其重要的是，将这些发现应用于武术，并研究反兴奋剂教育如何满足ISE的要求，因为由于武术运动的性质和比赛的身体紧张，武术更容易接触到提高成绩的物质。拟议的项目将与英国空手道联合会合作进行，研究人员本人通过练习空手道与该联合会保持长期联系。拟议的项目需要三项采用混合方法的研究。第一项研究将采用半结构化访谈和专题分析的方法，对空手道清洁运动教育的现状进行调查。然后，研究2将使用结构方程模型测试空手道中兴奋剂行为的模型，变量基于努图马尼斯及其同事的关键荟萃分析(2014)的更新版，该分析假设与兴奋剂有关的态度、规范、自我调节效能和道德脱离是兴奋剂行为的关键预测因素。最后，研究3旨在将研究1和研究2结合起来，通过定量测试反兴奋剂教育是否影响研究2中确定的空手道运动中的反兴奋剂知识和关键变量，

The proposed project aims to assess how the British Karate Federation has responded the the WADA's International Standard for Education (ISE), following its introduction in 2021. The ISE is a document detailing the WADA's requirements for anti-doping education programmes, with 4 key components and comprehensive guidance. This area is of importance for anti-doping research, as few studies so far have evaluated the effectiveness of anti-doping education programmes, and those to have done so were conducted prior to the ISE.Further, the majority of studies in the field have so far studied psychological factors linked to doping, but studies assessing how these factors are addressed in existing anti-doping education are virtually non-existent. In particular, it is important to apply these findings to martial arts and examine how anti-doping education can address the ISE's requirements, as martial arts receive higher exposure to performance-enhancing substances due to the nature of these sports and the physical strain of competition. The proposed project is to be conducted in collaboration with the British Karate Federation, with whom the researcher has a long-standing contact by virtue of practising karate herself.The proposed project entails three studies using a mixed-methods format. The first study will investigate the state of clean sport education in karate using semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis. Study 2 will then test a model of doping behaviour in karate using structural equational modelling, with variables based on the updated version of a key meta-analysis by Ntoumanis and colleagues (2014) that posited doping-related attitudes, norms, self-regulatory efficacy, and moral disengagement as key predictors of doping behaviours. Finally, Study 3 will aim to bring together Studies 1 and 2, by quantitatively testing whether anti-doping education influence anti-doping knowledge and key variables identified in Study 2 in the sport of karate,