"Where to next? Post-school transitions and career decisions among young people in Scotland - insights from the Growing Up in Scotland study "

要了解年轻人如何在毕业后的过渡时期做出决定，就需要调查年轻人使用的各种职业建议来源，以及寻求建议的行为如何受到父母和结构性决定因素的中介作用以及社会劣势、种族、移民身份、性别、健康和残疾的影响。本项目采用定量方法和来自《苏格兰成长》和《劳动力调查》的数据，考察了苏格兰年轻人对毕业后过渡做出决定的背景，以及影响这些决定的因素。背景包括大流行病后的劳动力市场和相关挑战，如当前的生活费用危机。这将是英国第一个使用纵向的、具有全国代表性的数据集来探索影响年轻人毕业后过渡决定和愿望的因素的研究。通过使用针对苏格兰职业生态系统量身定制的调查问卷，本研究将深入了解苏格兰不同群体的年轻人如何使用当前的正式职业服务和非正式形式的建议。博士研究的目的是有助于更好地了解苏格兰年轻人目前对毕业后过渡做出决定的背景，以及影响这些决定的因素。更好地了解影响年轻人职业愿望和决定的因素，对于在苏格兰设计注重平等和以人为本的职业服务至关重要，这将确保年轻人，无论其背景如何，都能获得与未来劳动力市场相匹配的技能和资格，并实现实现包容性增长和人人公平工作的政策抱负。了解某些年轻人群体（例如具有受保护特征的年轻人）面临的结构和社会障碍，将使我们能够深入了解如何设计一个有效的职业体系，特别是为那些遇到最大障碍、从非正式职业建议来源获得支持最少的学习者提供适当的建议和服务，以确保没有一个学习者掉队。拟议的研究旨在主要使用在苏格兰成长（GUS）数据来回答以下研究问题，这些问题经过量身定制，以反映GUS和劳动力调查中的相关调查问题：(1)年轻人使用哪些职业建议来源，他们认为哪些最有影响力？(2)年轻人的计划和愿望与他们获得建议的来源之间有什么关系？(3)利用不同职业咨询来源的模式是否因社会经济和地理因素而有社会分层？(4)父母与子女对青少年未来的期望有何关系？(5)父母的职业和职业与年轻人的职业理想有什么关系？(6)青年人报告说，由于新冠疫情，他们的职业规划发生了多大程度的变化？计划的变化是否存在社会分层？(7)苏格兰和英国的年轻人目前继续从事哪些类型的毕业后职业和培训？随着劳动力市场的性质发生变化并变得更加不稳定（例如，在英国脱欧、新冠疫情、技术进步、生活成本危机之后），这些职业和培训发生了什么变化？

Understanding how young people navigate decisions around post-school transitions requires investigation into the varied sources of career advice young people use, and how advice-seeking behaviours are affected by the mediating role of parents and structural determinants as well as social disadvantage, race, migrant status, gender, health and disability. Using quantitative methods and data from Growing Up in Scotland and the Labour Force Survey, this project examines the context within which young people in Scotland are making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these decisions. The context includes the post-pandemic labour market and related challenges such as the current cost-of-living crisis.This will be the first UK study to use a longitudinal, nationally representative dataset of any UK nation to explore factors influencing young people's post-school transition decisions and aspirations. By using a questionnaire tailored to the Scottish career eco-system, this research will provide an in-depth understanding of how the current formal career services and informal forms of advice are being used by different groups of young people in Scotland.The doctoral study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the context within which young people in Scotland are currently making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these. Gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence career aspirations and decisions of young people will be crucial in designing an equality-focused and person-centred careers service in Scotland that ensures that young people, irrespective of background, gain the skills and qualifications that match the labour market of the future and deliver on the policy ambition of achieving inclusive growth and fair work for all. Understanding the structural and social barriers that certain groups of young people, e.g. those with protected characteristics, face will provide us with insights into how to design an effective career system that offers access to appropriate advice and services particularly to those learners who encounter the greatest barriers and have the least support from informal sources of careers advice to make sure no learner is being left behind.The proposed research aims to use primarily Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) data to answer the following research questions, which have been tailored to reflect the relevant survey questions in GUS, and the Labour Force Survey:(1) What sources of careers advice do young people use and which do they find most influential?(2) What is the relationship between young people's plans and aspirations and the sources they have used for advice?(3) Are patterns of use of different sources of career advice socially stratified by socio-economic and geographical factors?(4) What is the relationship between parental and child aspirations for young people's futures?(5) What is the relationship between parental careers and occupations and young people's career aspirations?(6) To what extent do young people report changing their career plans due to the Covid pandemic and are changes in plans socially stratified?(7) What kinds of post-school careers and training do young people in Scotland and the UK go on to do currently, and how have these changed as the nature of the labour market has evolved and become more precarious (e.g. following Brexit, the Covid pandemic, technological advances, the cost of living crisis)?