"Where to next? Post-school transitions and career decisions among young people in Scotland - insights from the Growing Up in Scotland study "

要了解年轻人如何在毕业后的过渡中做出决定，需要调查年轻人使用的各种职业建议来源，以及父母的中介作用和结构性决定因素以及社会劣势、种族、移民身份、性别、健康和残疾对寻求建议行为的影响。该项目使用量化方法和来自苏格兰成长和劳动力调查的数据，调查了苏格兰年轻人在何种背景下对毕业后的过渡做出决定，以及影响这些决定的因素。这项研究的背景包括大流行后的劳动力市场和相关挑战，如当前的生活成本危机。这将是英国首次使用具有全国代表性的纵向数据集来探索影响年轻人毕业后过渡决策和抱负的因素。通过使用一份针对苏格兰职业生态系统量身定做的调查问卷，这项研究将深入了解苏格兰不同群体的年轻人如何使用目前的正式职业服务和非正式形式的建议。博士研究旨在帮助更好地了解苏格兰年轻人目前在什么背景下做出关于毕业后过渡的决定，以及影响这些决定的因素。更好地了解影响年轻人职业抱负和决定的因素，对于在苏格兰设计以平等为重点和以人为中心的职业服务至关重要，以确保年轻人获得与未来劳动力市场相匹配的技能和资格，并实现实现包容性增长和所有人公平工作的政策雄心。了解某些年轻人群体面临的结构性和社会障碍，例如那些具有受保护特征的年轻人，将为我们提供见解，以设计一个有效的职业系统，为那些遇到最大障碍和从非正式职业建议来源获得支持的学习者提供适当的建议和服务，以确保没有学习者落后。拟议的研究旨在主要使用苏格兰成长(GUS)的数据来回答以下研究问题，这些问题是为反映GUS的相关调查问题而量身定做的。和劳动力调查：(1)年轻人使用哪些职业建议来源，他们认为哪些最有影响力？(2)年轻人的计划和抱负与他们使用的建议来源之间有什么关系？(3)不同来源的职业建议的使用模式是否因社会经济和地理因素而分层？(4)父母和子女对年轻人未来的渴望之间有什么关系？(5)父母的职业和职业与年轻人的职业抱负之间有什么关系？(6)年轻人在多大程度上人们报告说，由于Covid大流行，他们改变了自己的职业计划，计划的变化是否在社会上分层？(7)苏格兰和英国的年轻人目前在从事哪些类型的毕业后职业和培训，随着劳动力市场的性质演变和变得更加不稳定(例如，在英国脱欧、Covid大流行、技术进步、生活成本危机之后)，这些情况发生了怎样的变化？

Understanding how young people navigate decisions around post-school transitions requires investigation into the varied sources of career advice young people use, and how advice-seeking behaviours are affected by the mediating role of parents and structural determinants as well as social disadvantage, race, migrant status, gender, health and disability. Using quantitative methods and data from Growing Up in Scotland and the Labour Force Survey, this project examines the context within which young people in Scotland are making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these decisions. The context includes the post-pandemic labour market and related challenges such as the current cost-of-living crisis.This will be the first UK study to use a longitudinal, nationally representative dataset of any UK nation to explore factors influencing young people's post-school transition decisions and aspirations. By using a questionnaire tailored to the Scottish career eco-system, this research will provide an in-depth understanding of how the current formal career services and informal forms of advice are being used by different groups of young people in Scotland.The doctoral study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the context within which young people in Scotland are currently making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these. Gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence career aspirations and decisions of young people will be crucial in designing an equality-focused and person-centred careers service in Scotland that ensures that young people, irrespective of background, gain the skills and qualifications that match the labour market of the future and deliver on the policy ambition of achieving inclusive growth and fair work for all. Understanding the structural and social barriers that certain groups of young people, e.g. those with protected characteristics, face will provide us with insights into how to design an effective career system that offers access to appropriate advice and services particularly to those learners who encounter the greatest barriers and have the least support from informal sources of careers advice to make sure no learner is being left behind.The proposed research aims to use primarily Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) data to answer the following research questions, which have been tailored to reflect the relevant survey questions in GUS, and the Labour Force Survey:(1) What sources of careers advice do young people use and which do they find most influential?(2) What is the relationship between young people's plans and aspirations and the sources they have used for advice?(3) Are patterns of use of different sources of career advice socially stratified by socio-economic and geographical factors?(4) What is the relationship between parental and child aspirations for young people's futures?(5) What is the relationship between parental careers and occupations and young people's career aspirations?(6) To what extent do young people report changing their career plans due to the Covid pandemic and are changes in plans socially stratified?(7) What kinds of post-school careers and training do young people in Scotland and the UK go on to do currently, and how have these changed as the nature of the labour market has evolved and become more precarious (e.g. following Brexit, the Covid pandemic, technological advances, the cost of living crisis)?