Granular Propellant Injection

颗粒推进剂注射

• 批准号: 2887785
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2887785
• 关键词: Granular; Propellant; Injection

Launch vehicles currently use solid or liquid propellants. When solid propellants are used, these are typically combusted in a large singular block called a fuel grain. Systems such as these lack the ability to effectively throttle the notional "engine" in real time or the ability to restart. If the rate at which solid fuel was burned could be controlled, this would allow for a more versatile engine.Additionally, in hybrid or liquid propellant engines, the storage of gases and liquids can induce a significant volumetric penalty and potential weight penalty depending on the substance being stored. Storage of solids eliminates the pressure as well as the potential chemical and temperature requirements of a given storage tank, thus saving weight and sometimes complexity. This may also prove to be beneficial in preparing for launch as solid fuels do not require any cooling and consequently can be stored safely for longer periods of time prior to a launch, thus eliminating launch complexity. A granular storage container could use materials which otherwise may be unsuitable for gaseous and liquid storage. The ability to refuel on the moon and Mars may therefore become a possibility should the fuel source be available for mining in such missions.The research idea. The ability to combust solid material within ramjet, scramjet, and rocket propulsion is beneficial as it increases the operating performance of these types of "engines". Powdered fuel injection is a topic of current research and is investigated mainly on a theoretical chemical basis with some practical experiments also taking place. This research proposes the creation of a mechanical system that can utilise injection processes such as ultrasonics to achieve the desired granular mass flow rate. An alternative method would be to use ambient air to initiate fluidization of particles and allow fluid like flow to occur.State of the art. This technology has been researched over many decades, however, in the past year, studies have discussed the potential application of a granular fuel injection system for use in scramjet propulsion technology. Pneumatically driven piston systems using gas as a flowing carrier (Ding, 2023) have also been explored in relation to scramjet propulsion technology. Other methods have been explored (Ismail, 2012), however, most of the methods previously developed involve some gas addition to improve the flow rate of the granular fuel. The abrasion characteristics of using such a system must be considered, however, this may be avoided if the granules are suitably conveyed. Research has also been carried out on the use of Boron as a solid fuel for application in scramjet propulsion systems due to its higher combustion heat, making it more suitable for high-speed combustion applications, while solid fuels also reduce the complexity of piping typically required in such systems (Zhao, 2022).Methodology. To execute this project, multiple methods of fluidising a granular substance would be tested, as well as using different substances to determine the most suitable. These would be tested in different injection manifolds constructed with transparent materials where possible to track the flow of particles. The flow rate, rate of abrasion, and dispersion of particles would be tested to measure the effectiveness of each injection method.1. Particle conveyors will be designed to allow different particle types and sizes to be fed through an injector.2. Multiple injector designs will be tested with different particle conveyors and granular substances.3. The design of each component will be made modular where possible to allow testing of multiple combinations.4. Injection systems will also be designed to be used with a test engine to determine the suitability of each injection method within an active system.5. The flow physics of each model will be tested in CFD prior to experimental testing to ensure an optimal design ha

运载火箭目前使用固体或液体推进剂。当使用固体推进剂时，这些推进剂通常在称为燃料颗粒的大的单个块中燃烧。此类系统缺乏真实的有效调节概念“引擎”的能力或重新启动的能力。如果能够控制固体燃料的燃烧速率，就可以制造出用途更广的发动机。此外，在混合或液体推进剂发动机中，气体和液体的储存会导致显著的体积损失和潜在的重量损失，这取决于储存的物质。固体的储存消除了给定储罐的压力以及潜在的化学和温度要求，从而减轻了重量，有时还降低了复杂性。这也可能被证明是有益的，因为固体燃料不需要任何冷却，因此可以在发射前安全储存更长的时间，从而消除发射的复杂性。粒状储存容器可以使用否则可能不适合气体和液体储存的材料。因此，在月球和火星上加油的能力可能成为一种可能，如果燃料源可用于在这些任务中采矿。在冲压式喷气发动机、超燃冲压式喷气发动机和火箭推进器内燃烧固体材料的能力是有益的，因为它增加了这些类型的“发动机”的操作性能。粉末燃料喷射是当前研究的一个主题，并且主要在理论化学基础上进行研究，也进行一些实际实验。这项研究提出了一种机械系统的创建，可以利用注射过程，如超声波，以实现所需的颗粒质量流率。另一种方法是使用环境空气来引发颗粒的流化并允许类似流体的流动发生。现有技术。这项技术已经研究了几十年，然而，在过去的一年里，研究已经讨论了用于超燃冲压发动机推进技术的颗粒燃料喷射系统的潜在应用。利用气体作为流动载体的气动驱动活塞系统（Ding，2023）也已经在超燃冲压发动机推进技术方面进行了探索。已经探索了其他方法（Ismail，2012），但是，以前开发的大多数方法都涉及添加一些气体以提高颗粒燃料的流速。必须考虑使用这种系统的磨损特性，但是，如果颗粒被适当地输送，则可以避免这种情况。由于其较高的燃烧热，还对使用硼作为固体燃料用于超燃冲压发动机推进系统进行了研究，使其更适合于高速燃烧应用，同时固体燃料还降低了此类系统中通常需要的管道的复杂性（Zhao，2022）。为了执行这个项目，将测试多种颗粒物质流化的方法，以及使用不同的物质来确定最合适的方法。这些将在不同的喷射歧管中进行测试，这些歧管由透明材料制成，以跟踪颗粒的流动。将测试流速、磨损率和颗粒分散度，以测量每种注射方法的有效性。颗粒输送机的设计将允许不同类型和尺寸的颗粒通过注射器输送。2.多种喷射器设计将使用不同的颗粒输送机和颗粒物质进行测试。每个组件的设计将尽可能采用模块化设计，以便测试多种组合。喷射系统也将被设计成与试验发动机一起使用，以确定在一个活动系统中每种喷射方法的适用性。在实验测试之前，将在计算流体动力学（CFD）中测试每个模型的流动物理特性，以确保获得最佳设计。