Perception and Action: Ideal Observers and Actors

描述（由申请人提供）：生物视觉系统利用许多不同的信息来源（“线索”）进行视觉判断。对于深度和形状估计，例如，这些包括遮挡、纹理、透视、运动视差、视差、阴影和轮廓。这些线索的组合基于各个线索的相对可靠性，但是直到通过填充一个或多个所需参数（例如，用于深度和倾斜估计的固定距离和方位角）。这些参数也使用多个线索（例如，用于观察几何形状的视网膜和眼神经线索）。我们提出了统计决策理论模型的理想行为的视觉估计的场景属性和运动规划。理想的观察者或行动者必须考虑与不同结果相关的测量不确定性，以及关于世界当前状态的先验信息。我们提出的实验旨在澄清人类观察员如何促进和联合收割机线索的视觉和视觉控制的行动。所使用的实验方法是基于扰动分析，允许检查的系统，可以潜在地对刺激的失真和不一致的反应。拟议的研究包括三个主要任务。(1)我们将分析观察者的行为相对于理想贝叶斯决策者的预测面临着相同水平的不确定性任务的知觉决策，达到和把握。(2)我们将再次以理想行为为参照，考察线索组合在线索提升中的作用。(3)我们将继续研究空间插值性能，以便更好地理解底层模型的先验分布等方面，以及观察者所使用的统计鲁棒性方法（在这种情况下，与场景分割问题密切相关）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biological visual systems make use of many different sources of information ("cues") for visual judgments. For depth and shape estimation, for example, these include occlusion, texture, perspective, motion parallax, disparity, shading and contour. The combination of these cues is based on the relative reliabilities of the individual cues, but cannot occur until cues are promoted to a commensurate scale by filling in one or more needed parameters (e.g., the fixation distance and azimuth for depth and slant estimates). These parameters are also estimated using multiple cues (e.g., both retinal and oculomotor cues for the viewing geometry). We propose statistical decision theoretic models for ideal behavior in the visual estimation of scene properties and for movement planning. The ideal observer or actor must take into account measurement uncertainty, associated with different outcomes, and prior information about the current state of the world. We propose experiments intended to clarify how human observers promote and combine cues for vision and for the visual control of action. The experimental methods used are based on perturbation analysis which permits examination of a system that can potentially react to distortions and inconsistencies in the stimuli. The proposed research consists of three major tasks. (1) We will analyze observer behavior relative to predictions of ideal Bayesian decision makers confronted by the same levels of uncertainty in tasks of perceptual decision, reaching and grasping. (2) We will examine cue combination in the service of cue promotion, again with reference to ideal behavior. (3) We will continue our studies of spatial interpolation performance so as to better understand such aspects of the underlying model as the prior distribution, and the methods used by the observer to be statistically robust (which, in this context, is closely related to the scene segmentation problem).