Behavioral Neuroscience and Stroke

描述（由申请人提供）： 该计划项目采用多学科方法，专注于描绘支持人类认知的神经机制。人类认知的三个关键组成部分，包括执行控制，记忆和语言将被研究。这三个项目广泛互动，努力弥合研究领域之间的理论和实验界限。该项目的主要目标是定义特定认知操作所特有的离散过程，并阐明使人类能够流畅地执行一系列认知操作的常见神经机制。为了实现这一目标，我们将在每个项目中使用几种强大的研究方法。该计划项目的核心组成部分是一个广泛的神经系统患者人群与明确的局灶性脑损伤。在过去的21年里，加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学戴维斯分校和弗吉尼亚州北方加州卫生保健系统一直在开发和维护这一研究人群，并形成了研究人类认知的独特神经心理学工具。核心计划项目为所有将在特定项目中进行研究的神经系统患者提供详细的神经心理学和神经解剖学定义。该核心还支持和扩展了最先进的人类电生理和功能性脑成像设施，供计划项目中的所有研究人员使用。项目1的重点是认知的执行控制，特别强调前额叶皮层的子区域在注意力，工作记忆和任务切换中的作用。前额叶皮层在记忆和语言的执行控制中的作用也被研究。项目2讨论了内侧颞区在记忆储存和新信息结合中的作用。前额叶-内侧颞叶系统与新信息的优先检测和长期存储有关。这些过程将在一系列旨在理解记忆处理中皮质-边缘系统相互作用的神经解剖学和时间关系的实验中进行探索。项目3解决了关键问题的神经组织和功能的相互作用的分布式皮质网络参与语言处理。该项目借鉴了广泛的失语症人群结合电生理和fMR 1技术，努力研究关键的语言问题，发音，词汇语义存储和访问，以及语言的执行控制。该计划项目融合了认知神经科学家与行为和生理工具，这些工具对于定义正常和紊乱的人类认知的认知过程的时间和神经解剖学基础至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Program Project employs a multidisciplinary approach focused on delineating the neural mechanisms supporting cognition in humans. Three key components of human cognition including executive control, memory and language will be studied. These three Projects interact extensively in an effort to bridge theoretical and experimental boundaries between research domains. The principle goals of the Program Project are to define discrete processes unique to particular cognitive operations and to elucidate common neural mechanisms enabling humans to fluidly perform a range of cognitive operations. To achieve this, we will utilize several powerful research methodologies in each project. The central component of the Program Project is an extensive neurological patient population with well-defined focal brain damage. This research population has been developed and maintained over the last 21 years at UC Berkeley, UC Davis and the VA Northern California Health Care System and forms a unique neuropsychological tool for studying human cognition. The Core of the Program Project provides detailed neuropsychological and neuroanatomical definition for all the neurological patients to be investigated in the specific projects. The Core also supports and extends state of the art human electrophysiological and functional brain imaging facilities available to all researchers in the Program Project. Project 1's focus is on executive control of cognition with a particular emphasis on the role of sub regions of prefrontal cortex in attention, working memory and task switching. The role of prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory and language is also examined. Project 2 addresses the role of medial temporal regions in memory storage and binding of new information. A prefrontal-medial temporal system has been implicated in the preferential detection and long-term storage of novel information. These processes will be explored in a series of experiments aimed at understanding the neuroanatomical and temporal relations of cortico-limbic interactions in memory processing. Project 3 addresses key questions on the neural organization and functional interplay of distributed cortical networks engaged in language processing. This project draws on an extensive aphasic population in combination with electrophysiological and fMR1 techniques in an effort to study key linguistic issues related to articulation, lexical-semantic storage and access, and executive control of language. The Program Project fuses cognitive neuroscientists with the behavioral and physiological tools critical for definition of the temporal and neuroanatomical substrates of the cognitive processes central to normal and disordered human cognition.