How to Get Along: Prosocial Intergroup Behavior Effects on Prosocial Intergroup Attitudes as a Potential Novel Pathway to Improve Intergroup Relations

随着全世界群体之间的两极分化日益加剧，促进群体间的合作对于社会的良好运作至关重要。本项目将审查未充分探索的群体间进程的基本机制，并调查新开发的促进群体间合作的方法。研究人员目前用来促进群体之间亲社会性的方法在应用于现实世界的情况时，其有效性有限。这是因为研究人员经常针对对另一个群体的消极、抵制改变的态度（“原因”），并相信亲社会的群体间行为会随之而来（“效果”）。该项目表明，为了增加亲社会行为，干预措施需要直接针对行为（“原因”），亲社会态度将随之而来（“效果”）。本研究通过纵向和实验的方法考察了群体间态度行为的因果关系。第一项研究将使用最先进的纵向统计建模和高频测量突发来解决这个长期被忽视的“因果序列”问题，在英国公民的日常生活中进行群体间态度行为研究。第二项研究将实验性地研究群体间态度和行为的因果关系，超越第一项研究，通过观察多个参与者过去的行为和态度如何影响他们在实验室模拟冲突中的互动。最后的研究将在实验室模拟现实世界的冲突中测试上述过程，涉及多个群体。这项研究很重要，因为它解决了一个重要研究领域长期存在的理论空白，并为现代世界最困难和最持久的问题之一提供了实用且易于实施的解决方案：鼓励人们沿着。

With polarization across group divides on the rise worldwide, promoting intergroup cooperation is crucial for well functioning societies. This project will examine underexplored foundational mechanisms in intergroup processes and investigate newly developed methods for promoting intergroup cooperation. The methods researchers currently employ to promote prosociality between groups are limited in their effectiveness when applied to real-world situations. This is because researchers often target negative, resistant-tochangeattitudes towards the other group ('cause'), and believe prosocial intergroup behavior will follow ('effect'). This project suggests that in order to increase prosocial behavior,interventions need to target behavior directly ('cause'), and prosocial attitudes will follow ('effect'). This research investigates this suggestion by examining intergroup attitude behavior causation both longitudinally and experimentally. The first study will use state of the art longitudinal statistical modeling and high frequency measurement bursts to address this long-neglected 'causal sequence' problem in intergroup attitude-behavior research within UK citizens as they go about their daily lives. The second study will experimentally investigate the causal sequence of intergroup attitudes and behavior, above and beyond the first, by seeing how the past behavior and attitudes of multiple participants affect their interactions during laboratory simulated conflict. The final study will test the processes above in a laboratory simulation of real-world conflict, involving multiple groups. This research is important because it addresses long-standing theoretical gaps in an important area of research and offers practical and easy to implement solutions for one of the most difficult and enduring problems of the modern world: encouraging people to get along.