How has the criminal justice system recognised & responded to victims of sexual and gender based violence occurring during the northern Irish conflct

基于性别的暴力被认为是基于性别的针对个人或个人群体的任何有害行为。1性暴力是“基于性别的暴力的一种形式，包括任何人的任何性行为、试图获得性行为、不受欢迎的性评论或侵犯、贩运行为或以其他方式使用胁迫手段针对一个人的性行为，无论他们与受害者的关系如何。”2本研究的框架从北爱尔兰冲突的角度来考虑性暴力和基于性别的暴力。因此，还必须澄清“与冲突有关的性暴力”一词，这指的是“强奸、性奴役、强迫卖淫、强迫怀孕、强迫堕胎、强迫绝育、强迫婚姻以及与冲突有直接或间接联系的对妇女、男子、女孩或男孩实施的同等严重性的任何其他形式的性暴力”。3这项研究认为，在北爱尔兰冲突中，刑事司法系统对SGBV的认识和反应反映了在处理这些问题方面的不足，它还认为，就政治和文化因素而言，冲突的存在扭曲了这类暴力的复杂表现，导致了“性别盲目”。围绕这一主题的文献和研究研究一直由有限数量的学者提供。这项研究从以前的文献中获得了灵感和见解。

Gender-based violence is considered to be any harmful act directed against individuals or groups of individuals on the basis of their gender.1 Sexual violence is a 'form of gender-based violence and encompasses any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed against a person's sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting.'2 The frame of this research considers sexual, and gender based violence in terms of the conflict in Northern Ireland. Due to this, the term 'conflict-related sexual violence' must also be clarified, this refers to the 'rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced sterilization, forced marriage and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity perpetrated against women, men, girls or boys that is directly or indirectly linked to a conflict.3 This research argues that the recognition and response of the criminal justice system to SGBV in the Northern Irish conflict reflects an inadequacy in dealing with these issues, it also argues that the presence of a conflict in regards to political and cultural factors, distorts complex manifestations of this type of violence, resulting in a 'gender blindness.' Literature and research studies surrounding this topic has been provided by a limited number of scholars. This research has taken inspiration and insights from this previous literature.