Micro-fabricated components for atomic quantum sensors

原子能级的分离提供了以前无法获得的计量准确度和精密度，具有SI可追溯的频率和波长参考[1]。这种可实现的性能被广泛应用于基于实验室的原子传感器，主要是波长参考、时钟、干涉仪和磁力计。由于原子传感器可以提供广泛的应用范围和性能提升，人们在量子仪器的小型化方面做出了重大努力，以满足可现场部署的量子技术的需求。近年来，我们的团队一直专注于核心部件的微制造，这些部件支撑着用于钟表和磁力计测量的原子平台的微型化[2，3]。我们的研究课题包括通过开发光栅磁光陷阱(GMOT)来帮助将冷原子传感器小型化到芯片规模的光学元件[4]。除此之外，我们还为微机械蒸汽池技术的制造奠定了基础，该技术具有适合于结构中传感器的定制特性。这个项目将扩展我们最近在微制组件方面的研究，以开发芯片规模的矢量磁强计的相干布居捕获工作演示。该系统将建立在我们最近在蒸汽池制造和这些池内部真空压力的环境控制方面的工作的基础上。此外，该项目将利用我们在微光学方面的专业知识来开发新型的衍射光学元件，以利于矢量测量，同时大大减少封装面积，以实现明确紧凑的仪器。最后，学员所学的核心技能将有助于开发我们的片上光学时钟和波长基准，学员将成为我们未来制造能力和项目发展的中心。J·基京，芯片级原子器件，应用物理评论5,031302(2018年)2。J·P·麦吉利根等。等，芯片级平台中的激光冷却，应用物理通讯117,054001(2020年)3.J.A.Rushton等。等人贡献的评论：用于便携式超冷量子技术的完全小型化磁光陷阱的可行性，科学仪器评论85,121501(2014年)4.A.Bregazzi等人。一种用于芯片级激光冷却的简单成像解决方案，APPL.太棒了。Lett119,184002(2021年)5.S.Dyer等人。微机械蒸汽室氮气缓冲气体压力调谐，APPL.太棒了。《Let123,074001》(2023年)

The separation of atomic energy levels provides a previously unobtainable accuracy and precision in metrology, with an SI traceable reference to frequency and wavelength [1]. This achievable performance is widely exploited in laboratory based atomic sensors, mainly wavelength references, clocks, interferometers, and magnetometers. As a result of the wide application range and performance gains that atomic sensors can provide, significant efforts have been made in the miniaturisation of quantum instruments to facilitate the needs of field-deployable quantum technologies. In recent years our group has focussed on the micro-fabrication of core components that underpin the miniaturisation of atomic platforms for measurements in clocks and magnetometers [2,3]. Our research topics have included optical components to aid the miniaturisation of cold-atom sensors to the chip-scale through the development of the grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) [4]. Beyond this, we have developed a foundation for the fabrication of micro-machined vapour cell technology, with bespoke characteristics suited to the sensor in construction. This project will expand upon our recent research in micro-fabricated components to develop working demonstrations of a chip-scale vector magnetometer working of coherent population trapping. The system will build upon our recent work with vapour cell fabrication and environmental control of the inner vacuum pressures of these cells. Additionally, this project will utilise our expertise in micro-optics to develop novel diffractive optical elements to benefit the vector measurement while greatly reducing the package footprint for an unambiguously compact apparatus. Finally, the core skillset learned by the student will be transferable to aiding the development of our on-chip optical clock and wavelength references, with the student being at the centre of our fabrication capabilities and project growth going forward.1. J. Kitching, Chip-scale atomic devices, Applied Physics Reviews 5, 031302 (2018)2. J. P. McGilligan, et. al., Laser cooling in a chip-scale platform, Applied Physics Letters 117, 054001 (2020)3. J. A. Rushton, et. al., Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology, Review of Scientific Instruments 85, 121501 (2014)4. A. Bregazzi, et al. A simple imaging solution for chip-scale laser cooling, Appl. Phys. Lett 119, 184002 (2021)5. S. Dyer, et al. Nitrogen buffer gas pressure tuning in a micro-machined vapor cell, Appl. Phys. Lett 123, 074001 (2023)