Reactive Oxygen Species American Society of Nephrology Fall 2007

描述（由申请人提供）：特别是在过去十年中，活性氧（ROS）和自由基生物学引起了生物医学研究界的极大兴趣。这使得关注它们在细胞防御、细胞信号传导、细胞凋亡、衰老、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、氧感应、炎症和纤维化中的作用的研究呈指数级增长。这一领域的研究特别困难，因为各种活性氧，如超氧化物、过氧化氢、次氯酸、羟基自由基和一氧化氮都是短命分子，它们与蛋白质、脂质、核酸和彼此反应。这通过复杂的化学反应在细胞微域内发生。由于检测ROS的方法存在特异性差的问题，因此研究人员面临特别困难的问题。分子生物学也很复杂，因为细胞已经进化出许多专门用于ROS的产生、转化和消耗的机制。这些大分子包括NADPH氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和血氧合酶的多种异构体。此外，外源性物质如维生素C和D可以协同这些细胞酶清除自由基。本次会议旨在汇集世界专家，提供从ROS的定义到其检测、细胞机制和各种生物作用的逻辑进展。我们的总体目标是为参加美国肾脏病学会会议的年轻科学家提供部分支持，以参加为期两天的会议。年轻科学家的参与确保了这些信息将被转化为未来的研究，以阐明ROS在肾脏疾病及其治疗中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Particularly throughout the last decade, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the biology of free radicals have attracted great interest in the biomedical research community. This has led to an exponential increase in the number of studies focused on their role in cellular defense, cell signaling, apoptosis, aging, hypertension, atherosclerosis, oxygen sensing, inflammation and fibrosis. This area of research is particularly difficult because various ROS such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide are short lived molecules that react with proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and one another. This occurs within cellular microdomains through complex chemical reactions. Particularly difficult issues present themselves to investigators because methods for detection of ROS are plagued with problems of poor specificity. The molecular biology is also complex because cells have evolved much machinery dedicated to generation, conversion and consumption of ROS. These macromolecules include multiple isoforms of NADPH oxidases, superoxide dismutases, catalase and hemoxygenase. Furthermore, exogenous substances such as Vitamin C and D can act in concert with those cellular enzymes to scavenge free radicals. This conference has been designed to bring together world experts to provide talks that logically progress from definition of ROS to their detection, cellular machinery and various biological roles. Our general goal is to provide partial support for young scientists attending the juxtaposed American Society of Nephrology meeting to also attend this two day conference. Attendance of young scientists insures that the information will be translated into future studies that elucidate the role of ROS in kidney diseases and treatment thereof.