Characterisation and Optimisation of Sustainable Medical Use Wet Wipes

存在于公共环境中，如公共交通、学校和市场等。当这些病原体通过不同的途径进入人体时，可能会引起几种感染，例如皮肤表面的定植是通过手快速转移到粘膜、口或鼻和伤口的一种方式。另一方面，微生物也可以转移到已经被病原体污染的表面（无生命的）和设备上，促进皮肤、粘膜和血液感染的快速传播。快速传播的最关键环境之一是医院和中央医疗保健服务机构。地板、墙壁、床轨和床垫等表面已被确定为污染源。因此，院内病原体的转移可能发生在患者、访客和卫生保健工作者之间的高接触环境表面和医疗器械。这一健康问题显著增加了患者死亡率，并提高了住院和医疗的经济成本[1,3,4]。预防医院获得性感染的战略包括使用个人防护装备、改进洗手方法（包括使用洗手液）、适当使用抗菌剂以及表面消毒和清洁。表面清洁可以减少微生物负荷及其传播。众所周知，定期对环境表面进行常规消毒可以降低患者感染的风险。在医疗保健应用中成功使用湿巾是一种有效的解决感染的方法。

present in common environments, such as public transport, schools, and markets, among others [1]. These pathogens may cause several infections when entering the human body via different pathways, such as the colonization of skin surfaces being a quick way to transfer by hands to mucosa, mouth or nose, and wounds. On the other hand, microorganisms also could be transferred to surfaces (inanimate) and devices that are already contaminated with pathogens, facilitating the quick spread of skin, mucosa, and bloodstream infections. One of the most critical environments for quick spread is hospitals and central healthcare services. Surfaces such as floors, walls, bed rails, and mattresses have been identified as a source of contamination. Thus, the transfer of nosocomial pathogens may occur from high-touch environmental surfaces and medical devices between patients, visitors, and healthcare workers. This health issue brings significantly increased patient mortality and raises the economic cost of hospitalizations and medical treatments [1,3,4]. Strategies to prevent hospital-acquired infections include personal protective equipment use, improved hand washing practices, including the use of hand sanitiser, the appropriate use of antimicrobials, and surface disinfection and cleaning. Surface cleaning can reduce microbial loads and their dissemination. It is well known and demonstrated that a periodic routine of disinfection of environmental surfaces can decrease the risk of patients developing infections. The successful use of wet wipes for healthcare applications are being an effective solution for efficacy infection [5].