Chronic Stress of Maltreatment: Drug Use Vulnerability

对发育中的儿童来说，最深刻的慢性压力形式之一就是遭受虐待和忽视。 随着长期紧张的虐待儿童的发展，他们面临着使用药物、滥用药物和 上瘾。因此，对长期应激虐待儿童的调查为以下方面提供了自然的实验 描绘了压力导致的物质使用和滥用脆弱性的发展。慢性应激会施加 对心理和生物发育的各种负面影响，并了解慢性疾病的影响 对多个发育系统的压力对于确定药物滥用的易感性至关重要。在这 调查，400名10至12岁慢性应激虐待儿童将与400名形成对比 为了确定慢性应激对非虐待儿童神经内分泌调节的影响，注意 网络、执行功能能力、情绪调节能力。孩子们将参与一项研究 日营，以及同伴关系、人格组织、精神病理学和药物使用也将 评估过了。对儿童在学校的功能的评估将从课堂教师那里获得，儿童的 母亲们还将提供有关家庭中其他压力来源的信息。基于一个发展中的 精神病理学的观点，并利用以人为中心的方法，我们希望识别不同形式的 应激导致的物质使用的脆弱性。这些形式的漏洞聚集在一起的程度 长期受到压力的虐待儿童，表现出不同类型的人格组织和 将对精神病理学进行调查。其他形式的压力暴露和药物使用的影响 促进关于不同形式易受伤害儿童易受药物使用影响的背景 将会被调查。这些发现将为预防和干预举措提供信息。

One of the most profound forms of chronic stress for the developing child is being subjected to abuse and neglect. As chronically stressed maltreated children develop, they are at substantial risk for substance use, abuse, and addiction. Thus, investigation of chronically stressed maltreated children provides a natural experiment for delineating the development of stress-induced vulnerabilities for substance use and abuse. Chronic stress exerts diverse negative effects on psychological and biological development, and understanding the impact of chronic stress on multiple developmental systems is critical for determining susceptibility to drug abuse. In this investigation, 400 chronically stressed maltreated 10-to 12-year-old children will be contrasted with 400 nonmaltreated children in order to determine the effects of chronic stress on neuroendocrine regulation, attention networks, executive function abilities, and emotion regulation capacities. Children will participate in a research day camp, and peer relations, personality organization, psychopathology, and substance use also will be assessed. Evaluations of child functioning in school will be obtained from classroom teachers, and the children's mothers also will provide information on additional sources of stress in the home. Based on a developmental psychopathology perspective and utilizing a person-centered approach, we expect to identify different forms of stress-induced vulnerability for substance use. The extent of aggregation of these forms of vulnerability within chronically stressed maltreated children who exhibit different types of personality organization and psychopathology will be investigated. The effects of additional forms of stress exposure and of a drug use promoting context on the susceptibility to substance use among children with different forms of vulnerability also will be investigated. The findings will hold promise for informing prevention and intervention initiatives.