Demographic Responses to Community and Family Context

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目探讨家庭和社区环境如何相互作用，影响死亡率、婚姻和生育。在研究家庭背景的影响时，它超越了父母和其他近亲的特征的影响，重点关注生活在其他家庭甚至社区中的亲属的作用。在研究社区背景的影响时，它超越了对地理和经济特征的考虑，将重点放在社区社会组织上。受最近关于社区的社会学文献的发展的启发，它评估了居民也被亲属关系联系在一起的社区是否具有更高水平的集体效能和更好的公共产品供应，从而导致更有利的人口结果。为了检验关于家庭变化和变异的决定因素的理论，该研究还考察了观察到的家庭和社区背景效应模式如何随着社会、经济和政治背景的世俗变化和地理差异而变化。这项研究使用了有史以来规模最大、时间最长、最详细的面板数据集之一，该数据集是为历史和当代人口编制的——从1650年到现在生活在中国东北的30万人，跨越了17代之多。该项目将来自历史户口簿的130万个人观察的现有核心数据与家谱记录、对这些人、他们在17世纪定居该地区的创始祖先以及他们在20世纪的后代的回顾性调查联系起来，形成一个单一的矩形文件进行分析。这些数据还补充了社区、区域和省一级关于社会、经济和政治状况的信息。测量家庭和社区背景对人口和社会结果的影响采用事件历史技术。固定效应和随机效应模型用于解释不同层次个体之间的相关性，包括居住家庭、后裔群体、社区和地区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project examines how family and community context interact to shape mortality, marriage, and reproduction. In examining the influence of family context, it moves beyond effects of characteristics of parents and other close relatives to focus on the role of kin living in other households and even communities. In examining the influence of community context, it moves beyond consideration of geographic and economic characteristics to focus on community social organization. Inspired by recent developments in the sociological literature on neighborhoods, it assesses whether or not communities where residents were also bound together by kinships ties had higher levels of collective efficacy and better provision of public goods that resulted in more favorable demographic outcomes. To test theories about the determinants of family change and variation, the research also examines how observed patterns of family and community contextual effects vary in response to secular changes and geographic variation in social, economic, and political context. The research makes use of one of the largest, longest, and most detailed panel data sets ever compiled for an historical and contemporary population - 300,000 individuals who lived in northeast China from 1650 to the present over as many as seventeen generations. The project links existing core data from 1.3 million individual-level observations from historical household registers, to records from family genealogies, and retrospective surveys of these same individuals, their founding ancestors who settled the area in the seventeenth century, and their twentieth-century descendants, to produce a single, rectangular file for analysis. These data are supplemented with information at the community, regional, and provincial level on social, economic, and political conditions. Measurements of the influence of family and community context on demographic and social outcomes apply event-history techniques. Fixed- and random-effect models are used to account for correlations among individuals at different levels, including the Residential household, descent group, community, and region.