Microbiological Characterization and Mitigation of Bioaerosols in CAFOs

CAFO 中生物气溶胶的微生物特征和缓解

• 批准号: 7287714
• 负责人: NORMAN R PACE
• 金额: $ 33.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2010-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7287714
• 关键词: Microbiological; Characterization; Mitigation; Bioaerosols; CAFOs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human respiratory illnesses are a burgeoning cause of morbidity for individuals who work in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). Contact with high densities of livestock in close quarters exposes CAFO workers to large quantities of airborne microbes, antigens, and toxins, which combine to induce acute and chronic respiratory disorders. CAFO workers, particularly those working with swine and poultry, are at the forefront of risk for emerging zoonotic diseases of intense public health concern, including avian influenza, swine influenza, and multi-drug resistant pathogens. Except for the most acute infections, the etiological agents of lung disorders in CAFO workers are not well characterized, because most available microbiological knowledge has depended on culture, which is poorly informative. In contrast, molecular-based assays, such as broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide comprehensive surveys of microbial populations. Moreover, molecular assays can be performed much more rapidly and less expensively than can conventional culture-based techniques. The goals of the proposed four-year program are to use advanced molecular techniques to fully characterize the microbiology of bio-aerosols associated with selected CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge. Longitudinal air sampling will be performed at two each of swine, poultry, and cattle CAFOs in order to generalize results. The findings of this study are potentially critical for controlling CAFO workers' exposures to harmful microorganisms, advancing diagnostics, directing antimicrobial therapies, and measuring treatment outcomes. The specific objectives of this project are to: 1. Identify and quantify microorganisms associated with CAFO bio-aerosols using traditional and culture- independent technology. 2. Develop and validate PCR-based assays applicable to detection and quantification of bio-aerosol- associated microbes. 3. Evaluate U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge methods of bio-aerosol disinfection in controlled, laboratory environment. 4. Determine the impact on total and viable microbial loads in CAFOs following mitigation with U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge methods of bio-aerosol disinfection.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类呼吸道疾病是在集中动物饲养操作（CAFO）工作的个体发病率的新兴原因。在近距离接触高密度牲畜时，CAFO工人暴露于大量空气中的微生物、抗原和毒素中，这些因素结合在一起可诱发急性和慢性呼吸系统疾病。中央卫生组织的工作人员，特别是那些与猪和家禽打交道的工作人员，处于引起强烈公共卫生关注的新出现的人畜共患疾病的风险前沿，这些疾病包括禽流感、猪流感和耐多药病原体。除了最急性的感染外，CAFO工人肺部疾病的病原学因素并没有很好地表征，因为大多数现有的微生物学知识都依赖于培养，这是缺乏信息的。相比之下，基于分子的分析，如广谱聚合酶链反应（PCR）可以提供微生物种群的全面调查。此外，与传统的基于培养的技术相比，分子测定可以更快、更便宜地进行。这项为期四年的计划的目标是使用先进的分子技术来充分表征与选定的cafo相关的生物气溶胶的微生物学特征，并利用这些技术来测试两种生物气溶胶消毒工程过程的效果：紫外线照射和放电。为了推广结果，将在猪、家禽和牛各两个cafo进行纵向空气采样。这项研究的发现对于控制CAFO工人接触有害微生物、推进诊断、指导抗菌治疗和衡量治疗结果具有潜在的关键意义。该项目的具体目标是：1。使用传统和非培养技术鉴定和量化与CAFO生物气溶胶相关的微生物。2. 开发和验证基于聚合酶链反应的分析，适用于生物气溶胶相关微生物的检测和定量。3. 评价生物气溶胶在受控实验室环境下的紫外线照射和放电消毒方法。4. 确定紫外线照射和生物气溶胶消毒放电方法缓解后对cafo中总微生物负荷和活菌负荷的影响。