Fundamental Study of Welding Fume Inhalation

焊接烟尘吸入的基础研究

• 批准号: 7254683
• 负责人: Serap Erdal
• 金额: $ 8.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7254683
• 关键词: Fundamental; Study; Welding; Fume; Inhalation

Welding is used as a powerful manufacturingmethod for the high quality joining of metallic components in all branches of US industries. Respiratory effects, metal fume fever, cancer, and effects on kidneys, nervous system, reproductive system and skin have been associated with welding fume exposures. The recent census data indicate that over 800,000 workers in the United States are involved in welding or allied processes full time, while it is estimated that more than one million perform welding intermittently as part of their work expectations. Although there are many welding processes employed for various applications Manual Metal Arc (MMA) welding using hand-held electrodes and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding using continuous wire applied to mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum yield combinationswhich are practiced by 70% of the welding population. We propose to determine the inhaled concentration of welding fume as a true measure of exposure associated with the MMA process. To date, welding fume exposure studies in field or, in a very limited extent, under laboratory conditions either assessed the area exposures or personal exposures in the breathing-zone of workers. Very few studies have evaluated fume concentration inside and outside of the welder helmet. However, no studies have attempted to quantitatively determine the inhaled concentration of welding fumes as a function of welding processing parameters such as base material/ electrode combination, welding current and voltage, and distance of the welder from the source area. The experimental design and data analysis outlined in this proposal addresses this critical data gap. The proposed experiments will be performed using a life-size head and shoulders of a manikin for which breathing will be simulated through the mouth using a ventilator pump. The tidal volumes and breathing frequencies will be adjusted to correspond to the characteristic values for men at rest or performing normal physical work. The manikin, wearing a welding helmet, will be exposed to MMA welding fumes in an exposure chamber during a series of experiments using a combination of welding and subject-related parameters. A filter cassette will be placed inside the mouth and welding fumes will be collected on 37-mm filters, which will be analyzed gravimetrically to determine the particulate mass and inhaled concentration. The ratio of inhaled concentration to total/respirable fume concentration outside of the helmet in the breathing-zone will also be estimated by concurrently sampling the air outside of the helmet using a 37-mm cassette and a BGI cyclone, respectively. A central composite experimental design with a number of quantitative and qualitative parameters will be used as a basis of experimental design in order to efficiently and systematically determine the most influential parameters affecting inhaled, total/respirable concentration of welding fumes. This is basically a quadratic empirical surface-response model to determine the relationship between inhaled concentration along with total /respirable fume concentration and influential welding parameters. These results will enhance our understanding of the inhaled dose of welding fumes, which serve as a better exposure metric for health effects studies. In addition, this study will provide necessary information for evaluating biological significance of welding fume personal or area exposure measurements and may provide insights into the biological relevance of the current exposure standard (TLV-TWA) for welding fumes.

在美国的所有分支机构中，焊接被用作金属部件高质量连接的强大制造方法 行业呼吸系统影响、金属烟雾热、癌症以及对肾脏、神经系统、生殖系统和皮肤的影响， 与焊接烟雾暴露有关。最近的人口普查数据表明，美国有80多万工人在工作， 全职从事焊接或相关工艺，而据估计，超过一百万人间歇性地从事焊接， 他们工作期望的一部分。尽管有许多焊接工艺用于各种应用，但手动金属电弧焊 (MMA)使用手持焊条的焊接和使用施加到低碳钢的连续焊丝的金属惰性气体（MIG）焊接， 不锈钢和铝的组合，这是实行70%的焊接人口。我们建议确定 焊接烟雾的吸入浓度作为与MMA过程相关的暴露的真实测量。迄今为止， 在现场或在非常有限的范围内在实验室条件下进行的接触研究， 工人呼吸区的暴露。很少有研究评估了电焊机内外的烟尘浓度 头盔然而，没有研究试图定量地确定焊接烟雾的吸入浓度作为以下因素的函数： 焊接工艺参数，如基材/电极组合、焊接电流和电压以及焊接距离， 从源区的焊工。本提案中概述的实验设计和数据分析解决了这一关键数据缺口。 拟议的实验将使用真人大小的头部和肩部的人体模型进行，呼吸将 用呼吸泵通过口腔模拟。潮气量和呼吸频率将被调整以对应于 男性在休息或从事正常体力劳动时的特征值。这个戴着焊接头盔的人体模型将 在一系列使用焊接和焊接的组合的实验期间， 受试者相关参数。一个过滤盒将被放置在嘴里，焊接烟雾将被收集在37毫米过滤器， 其将被重量分析以确定颗粒质量和吸入浓度。吸入的比例 呼吸区中头盔外的总/可吸入烟雾浓度的浓度也将通过以下方式进行估计： 分别使用37 mm盒和BGI旋风分离器同时对头盔外部的空气进行采样。中心复合 将使用具有大量定量和定性参数的实验设计作为实验设计的基础， 为了有效和系统地确定影响吸入的总/可吸入浓度的最有影响力的参数， 焊接烟雾这基本上是一个二次经验表面响应模型，以确定吸入 浓度沿着总/可吸入烟雾浓度和影响焊接参数。这些结果将提高我们的 了解焊接烟雾的吸入剂量，这是健康影响研究的更好的暴露指标。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 本研究为评价焊接烟尘个人或区域暴露的生物学意义提供了必要的信息 测量，并可提供对当前焊接暴露标准（TLV-TWA）的生物相关性的见解 烟雾