Developing Net Zero Wheat Varieties

开发净零小麦品种

• 批准号: 2895360
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2895360
• 关键词: Developing; Net; Zero; Wheat; Varieties

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major crop grown worldwide, with >700 million tonnes produced/year (FAO stat 2018) accounting for up to 23% of protein in western people's diet. Our current high-input wheat production systems are highly costly, both to the farmers (fertiliser prices have >doubled since 2019) and to the environment. Synthetic N fertilisers applied on field are primarily generated through the Haber-Bosch process, which releases high level of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In addition, the application of N fertiliser to the crop can lead to further loss of N either in leachate, leading to diffuse pollution and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, or be lost through volatilisation (e.g.NH3) and especially the greenhouse gas N2O . It is imperative to address this, using an approach that combines agronomic, environmental, and genetic expertise. To ensure that the carbon footprint associated with high-quality wheat production in the UK can be reduced, new cultivars must be assessed at all levels (including their environmental impact) under regenerative agriculture practises. This aim is aligned with the commitment of our industrial partner, Sainsbury's, to reducing its carbon footprint by 30%. The combination of improved wheat varieties, without compromising yield or grain quality and reduced N requirements will thus not only reduce emissions of a potent greenhouse gas but also helps reduce costs of production and stabilizing food prices.

小麦（小麦）是全球种植的主要作物，年产量超过7亿吨（粮农组织统计数据2018），占西方人饮食中蛋白质的23%。我们目前的高投入小麦生产系统对农民（自2019年以来化肥价格翻了一番）和环境都是非常昂贵的。田间施用的合成氮肥主要通过哈伯-博世过程产生，该过程释放高水平的温室气体（GHG）。此外，施用氮肥还可能导致氮素在渗滤液中进一步流失，造成水体的扩散污染和富营养化，或通过挥发（如NH3），尤其是温室气体N2 O流失。解决这一问题势在必行，必须采用一种结合农艺、环境和遗传专业知识的方法。为了确保英国优质小麦生产的碳足迹可以减少，新品种必须在再生农业体系下进行各级评估（包括其环境影响）。这一目标与我们的工业合作伙伴Sainsbury's的承诺一致，即减少30%的碳足迹。因此，在不影响产量或谷物质量的情况下，改良小麦品种与减少氮需求的结合，不仅可以减少一种强效温室气体的排放，还有助于降低生产成本和稳定粮食价格。