Definition of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements for breast kinematics

这项研究涉及妇女参加体育运动的问题。更具体地说，定义乳房测量和运动，以提高知识，为什么这是一个障碍，许多妇女能够舒适地行使。在体育界，人们做出了相当大的努力，使世界各地的女性更容易参加体育运动和体育活动（联合国妇女署，2020年）。各国政府和行业都在朝着同一个目标前进，即“全民体育”，在这个目标内有各种一致的目标，即一个更健康、更活跃的国家。这个持续的主题是这项研究的基础精神。妇女参与体育运动的问题涉及许多方面，近年来通过表面研究，一些问题得到了强调，有些问题正处于解决的早期阶段。这包括实际的限制，如时间，儿童保育等。英格兰体育和其他国家管理机构已经在一些运动课程中为儿童保育提供了资金和机会，以帮助解决这些类型的问题。来自与这项研究学生资格相关的国家研究的因素与身体不适和“摇摆”的感知相一致，这对参与体育运动产生了影响。具体来说，这项研究的重点是乳房疼痛和运动，作为身体的一个关键部分，映射有限，并且取决于不同的人口统计和生活方式因素的显着差异。乳房疼痛据说影响高达60%的女性，在运动期间，72%的女性报告经历乳房疼痛。测量乳房运动学和由此产生的不适的现有方法依赖于全局测量系统，例如红外标记跟踪，以随时间测量和跟踪关键的乳房和身体特征。虽然这种方法提供了机会，看看乳房运动学与其他身体或运行因素，少量的点进行测量，并作出大的假设，这些点的位置，以代表一个移动的质量上的trustom.This研究的学生概述了一个高分辨率的数字图像相关系统和立体摄影测量的发展，重点放在乳房在一个特定的视野。这种方法提供了胸部上的数千个数据点，以研究乳房的不同区域如何在不同的运动中移动，并研究了支持和减少不适的干预措施。根据这些数据，可以分析乳房运动的位移、速度、加速度和应变等关键指标，以确定进一步的研究领域。该项目包括重要的优化阶段，以定义系统的配置和测量不确定性，并将继续研究可以捕获和成功测量的身体差异，以及量化乳房运动学以改善运动期间乳房支撑的目标和范围。这项研究包括全面的参与者试验，以测量和量化不同类型的运动的影响，进一步探索它们对乳房加速度和速度的影响。

This research addresses the problem of female participation in sport. More specifically defining breast measurement and movement to improve knowledge into why this is a barrier for a lot of women being able to exercise comfortably. Within the sporting community there has been a considerable effort to make sport and physical activity more accessible to females around the world (UN Women, 2020). National governments and industry alike are moving towards the same goal, 'Sport for all', with various aligned goals within this of a healthier and more active nation. This ongoing theme is the underpinning ethos for this research. The issue of female participation in sport has many facets and in recent years through surface level research, several issues have been highlighted and some are in the early stages of being addressed. This includes practical limitations such as timings, childcare etc. which Sport England and other national governing bodies have given funding and opportunities for childcare during some exercise classes to help combat these types of issues.Factors from national studies related to this research studentship align to bodily discomfort and perception of 'wobble', with the impact this has on engagement in sport. Specifically, this research focuses on breast pain and movement, as a key part of the body with limited mapping, and significant variance depending on different demographic and lifestyle factors. Breast pain has been said to affect up to 60% of women and during exercise 72% of females have reported experiencing breast pain. Existing methods to measure breast kinematics and resulting discomfort rely on global measurement systems such as infrared marker tracking to measure and track key breast and body features over time. Whilst this method gives opportunities to look at breast kinematics in relation to other body or running factors, a small number of points are measured, and large assumptions are made on the location of these points to represent a moving mass on the torso.This research studentship outlines the development of a high-resolution digital image correlation system and stereophotogrammetry, that focuses on the breast within a specific field of view. This methodology provides thousands of data points on the chest to investigate how different areas of the breast move across different exercises, with interventions investigated for support and reduced discomfort. From this data, key metrics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration and strain of breast motion can be analysed to identify further areas of investigation. This project has included significant optimisation phases to define the configuration and measurement uncertainty of the system and will continue to investigate what bodily variances can be captured and successfully measured, in relation to the aim and scope of quantifying breast kinematics for improved breast support during exercise. This research has included thorough participant trials, to measure and quantify the impacts of different types of motions, to further explore their impacts on breast acceleration and velocity.