Targeted, multimodal detection of carbon monoxide and other markers of disease in cells using fluorogenic probes

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Despite its toxic reputation, carbon monoxide (CO) is also an important biological messenger molecule that regulates many vital cell processes, including the response to disease. Increased enzymatic generation of carbon monoxide plays a critical role in the resolution of inflammatory processes and alleviation of cardiovascular disorders. At the same time, altered viscosity levels have been associated with inflammation, including in cardiovascular disease. This project will develop a range of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) molecular probes for carbon monoxide and has used them to monitor inflammation in an animal model. Since the diffusion-controlled movement of carbon monoxide is also affected by changes in the viscosity of the cellular environment, the two aspects are intimately connected. Therefore, the simultaneous measurement of both carbon monoxide and other markers of disease, such as intracellular viscosity, provides unprecedented information on the functioning of the cell and the state of inflammation and disease.