Neighborhood characteristics, drug use, and HIV risk among African American youth

非裔美国青年的社区特征、吸毒和艾滋病毒风险

• 批准号: 7337036
• 负责人: Scyatta A Wallace
• 金额: $ 7.8万
• 依托单位: SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-10 至 2008-08-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7337036
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Adolescence; Adopted; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Development; Doctor of Philosophy; Drug usage; Enrollment; Equation; Exposure to; Family; Feeling; Feeling hopeless; Funding; Goals; Gossypium; HIV; HIV Infections; Healthy People 2010; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Investigation; Knowledge; Life; Link; Literature; Mainstreaming; Maryland; Mediating; Medical Surveillance; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perception; Population; Prevention intervention; Prevention program; Principal Investigator; Process; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Sex Behavior; Societies; Standards of Weights and Measures; Structural Models; Target Populations; Testing; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; Violence; Youth; experience; health disparity; high school; peer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to test a conceptual framework developed by the Principal Investigator examining the relationship between neighborhood risk, marginalization, racial identity, and HIV risk among urban African American youth. Qualitative studies of African American youth describe marginalization in terms hopelessness and not feeling in control of the outcomes in one's life. These perceptions of marginalization, led many youth to adopt norms and attitudes that are unconventional by mainstream standards, including unconventional attitudes about risk behaviors (e.g., approval of substance use). Racial identity has also been identified as an important factor in African American youth development. Therefore, racial identity may influence how perceptions of marginalization are related to youth unconventional attitudes and HIV risk. The proposed research aims to 1) investigate the relationship between perceived neighborhood risk (i.e., exposure to community violence and experience with urban hassles) and HIV risk behaviors (substance use and sexual risk). 2) To examine the extent to which perceived neighborhood risk and HIV risk behaviors is mediated by perceptions of marginalization (i.e., hopelessness and low self-efficacy) and having unconventional attitudes (i.e., approval of substance use). 3) To assess whether racial identity moderates the relationship between perceptions of marginalization and unconventional attitudes. Secondary data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a NIDA funded cross-sectional dataset will be used. The sample includes 567 African American youth, ages 13-19 years, enrolled at an urban public high school in Maryland. Findings will increase our understanding of the initiation and progression of substance use and sexual risk behaviors among urban African American youth. Such knowledge could inform the development of effective HIV behavioral prevention and intervention efforts targeting this population. This proposal seeks to test a conceptual framework developed by the Principal Investigator examining the relationship between neighborhood risk, marginalization, racial identity, and HIV risk among urban African American youth. Findings will increase our understanding of the initiation and progression of substance use and sexual risk behaviors among urban African American youth. Results from this study could make a contribution to HIV prevention programs that address the goals of the US Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 initiative to eliminate health disparities related to HIV.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在测试由主要研究者开发的概念框架，研究城市非裔美国青年中邻里风险，边缘化，种族认同和艾滋病毒风险之间的关系。对非裔美国青年的定性研究将边缘化描述为绝望和感觉无法控制自己的生活结果。这些边缘化的观念，导致许多年轻人采取的规范和态度，是非传统的主流标准，包括非传统的态度对风险行为（例如，物质使用许可）。种族认同也被认为是非洲裔美国青年发展的一个重要因素。因此，种族认同可能影响到边缘化的看法如何与青年的非传统态度和艾滋病毒风险相关联。该研究旨在：1）调查感知邻里风险（即，暴露于社区暴力和经历城市麻烦）和艾滋病毒风险行为（物质使用和性风险）。2)为了检查边缘化的感知（即，绝望和低自我效能）和具有非传统的态度（即，物质使用许可）。3)评估种族认同是否会缓和边缘化的看法和非传统态度之间的关系。将使用结构方程模型（SEM）和NIDA资助的横截面数据集进行二次数据分析。样本包括567名年龄在13-19岁的非洲裔美国青年，就读于马里兰州的一所城市公立高中。研究结果将增加我们对城市非洲裔美国青年中物质使用和性风险行为的启动和进展的理解。这些知识可以为制定针对这一人群的有效艾滋病毒行为预防和干预措施提供信息。该提案旨在测试主要研究者开发的概念框架，研究城市非洲裔美国青年中邻里风险，边缘化，种族认同和艾滋病毒风险之间的关系。研究结果将增加我们对城市非洲裔美国青年中物质使用和性风险行为的启动和进展的理解。这项研究的结果可以为艾滋病毒预防计划做出贡献，这些计划旨在实现美国卫生与公众服务部2010年健康人群倡议的目标，以消除与艾滋病毒相关的健康差距。