How do supermassive black holes affect their host galaxies?

超大质量黑洞位于大多数大质量星系的中心，能够通过相对论喷流和辐射驱动的风向周围环境注入大量能量。这种所谓的“反馈”可能导致大量气体从宿主星系中喷出，影响随后的星系形成，最终影响大尺度上的物质分布。因此，星系形成模型和宇宙学标准模型的大尺度结构测试需要仔细评估超大质量黑洞能量反馈的作用：这是这个博士项目的主要目的。2021））和绘制热电离气体成分的数据（来自宇宙微波背景（CMB）调查，包括普朗克（Planck Collaboration et al.，2013）、SPT（Bleem等人，2022）和ACT（Hand et al.，2012年）设施），以直接测量超大质量黑洞对星系的影响，在广泛的红移和质量尺度。然后，我们将这些测量结果与来自FLAMINGO和BAHAMAS项目（与Virgo Consortium合作开发）的最先进的宇宙流体动力学模拟进行比较。最后，我们将进行评估的现实主义黑洞反馈在当前的模拟沿着其对星系的形成和宇宙学的影响。

Supermassive black holes, which reside in the centres of most massive galaxies, are capable of injecting vast amounts of energy into their surrounding environments via relativistic jets and radiation-driven winds. This so-called 'feedback' can result in the ejection of significant quantities of gas from the host galaxy, affecting subsequent galaxy formation which ultimately impact the distribution of matter on large scales. Models of galaxy formation and large-scale structure tests of the standard model of cosmology therefore need to carefully assess the role of energetic feedback from supermassive black holes: this is the main aim of this PhD project.For this research, we will first use weak gravitational lensing data (from the Dark Energy Survey (Sevilla-Noarbe et al., 2021)) and data that maps the hot ionised gas component (from cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys, including the Planck (Planck Collaboration et al., 2013), SPT (Bleem et al., 2022), and ACT (Hand et al., 2012) facilities) to directly measure the impact of supermassive black holes on galaxies over a wide range of redshifts and mass scales. We will then compare these measurements to state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations from the FLAMINGO and BAHAMAS projects (developed in collaboration with the Virgo Consortium). Finally, we will perform an assessment of the realism of black hole feedback in current simulations along with its impact on galaxy formation and cosmology.