Tumor targeted RNAi by novel nanovectors for molecular therapy of prostate cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：通过小干扰RNA（siRNA）进行的有效的序列特异性基因沉默已成为癌症研究中的有力工具，并作为癌症的新型分子疗法具有重要潜力。然而，将基于siRNA的治疗剂有效且特异性地递送至前列腺癌及其转移仍然是一个巨大的挑战。我们已经开发了一种肿瘤特异性的，配体靶向的，自组装的DNA纳米载体系统，用于前列腺癌基因递送。纳米载体在将各种基因和反义寡核苷酸靶向递送至人前列腺癌中显示出有希望的效率和特异性，对正常组织的作用有限（美国专利号6，749，863）。该纳米载体系统目前正在进行非病毒p53基因治疗的I期临床试验。该试点项目提案的目的是探索使用我们的专利纳米载体系统用于肿瘤靶向递送基于siRNA的治疗人类前列腺癌的可行性。在我们的初步研究中，我们已经设计了用于人Bcl-2和Bcl-xL的siRNA，其可以有效地敲低Bcl-2/Bcl-xL高达95%，导致广泛的癌细胞死亡（美国专利申请中）。我们建议使用Bcl-2/Bcl-xL siRNA来验证两个相互关联的假设：（1）自组装纳米载体可以选择性地将siRNA递送到前列腺癌并有效地沉默靶标Bcl-2/Bcl-xL;抗凋亡Bcl-2/Bcl-xL的敲低将诱导依赖Bcl-2/Bcl-xL存活的人前列腺癌细胞的凋亡，从而克服前列腺癌细胞对化疗/放疗的抗性并恢复其敏感性。我们的长期目标是开发肿瘤靶向siRNA纳米载体作为前列腺癌的新型分子治疗。为了验证我们的假设，我们提出了两个具体的目标：目的1：制备和优化用于体外和体内有效RNA干扰人前列腺癌的纳米载体;目的2：在具有高水平Bcl-2/Bcl-xL的人前列腺癌裸鼠异种移植模型中研究Bcl-2/Bcl-xL siRNA纳米载体的抗肿瘤活性和靶标验证。抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bcl-xL在大多数前列腺癌中过表达，并有助于前列腺肿瘤的发生、进展和对治疗的抵抗。Bcl-2/Bcl-xL的分子调控代表了克服当前癌症治疗诱导的细胞凋亡抗性的有希望的策略。将基于siRNA的分子治疗与常规治疗相结合将提高疗效并克服对当前癌症治疗的抗性，特别是对于其中Bcl-2/Bcl-xL蛋白过表达且常规治疗不是非常有效的肿瘤转移。成功地进行，我们的研究将提供概念验证，即siRNA可以通过自组装纳米载体递送，用于对前列腺癌进展和耐药性至关重要的基因进行肿瘤靶向RNA干扰。将Bcl-2/Bcl-xL的肿瘤靶向RNA干扰与常规治疗相结合将提高疗效并克服对当前癌症治疗的耐药性，特别是对于其中Bcl- 2/Bcl-xL蛋白过表达且常规治疗不是非常有效的转移。成功进行，我们的研究将提供概念验证，即siRNA可以通过自组装纳米载体递送，用于肿瘤靶向沉默对前列腺肿瘤进展和抗性至关重要的基因。纳米载体在体内肿瘤靶向RNA干扰的成功将对基于siRNA的新型治疗方法的发展产生重大影响，用于人类前列腺癌的各种分子靶标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The potent, sequence-specific gene silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a powerful tool in cancer research and holds significant potential as novel molecular therapy for cancer. However, delivering the siRNA-based therapeutics efficiently and specifically to prostate cancer and its metastases remains a great challenge. We have developed a tumor-specific, ligand-targeting, self-assembled DNA-nanovector system for prostate cancer gene delivery. The nanovectors show promising efficiency and specificity in targeted delivery of various genes and anti-sense oligonucleotides to human prostate cancer, with limited effect on normal tissues (US Patent No. 6,749,863). This nanovector system is now in Phase I clinical trial for non-viral p53 gene therapy. The objective of this pilot project proposal is to explore the feasibility of using our patented nanovector system for tumor-targeted delivery of siRNA-based therapeutics for human prostate cancer. In our preliminary studies, we have designed siRNAs for human Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL that can potently knock-down Bcl-2/Bcl-xL up to 95%, leading to extensive cancer cell death (US Patent pending). We propose to use Bcl-2/Bcl-xL siRNA to test two inter-related hypotheses: (1) the self-assembled nanovectors can selectively deliver siRNA to prostate cancer and efficiently silence the target Bcl-2/Bcl-xL; (2); Knock-down of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xL will induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells that depend on Bcl-2/Bcl-xL for survival, thus overcome resistance and restore sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to chemo/radiotherapy. Our long-term goal is to develop the tumor-targeting siRNA-nanovectors as novel molecular therapy for prostate cancer. To test our hypothesis, we propose to carry out two SPECIFIC AIMS: AIM 1: To prepare and optimize the nanovectors for efficient RNA interference for human prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo; AIM 2: To investigate anti-tumor activities and target validation of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL siRNA-nanovectors in nude mouse xenograft models of human prostate cancer with high levels of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are overexpressed in most of prostate cancer and contribute to prostate tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. Molecular modulation of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL represents a promising strategy for overcoming the resistance to apoptosis induced by current cancer therapy. Combining siRNA-based molecular therapy with conventional therapy would improve the efficacy and overcome the resistance to current cancer treatment, especially for tumor metastasis, in which Bcl-2/Bcl-xL protein is overexpressed and for which conventional therapy is not very effective. Successfully carried out, our study will provide proof-of-concept that siRNA can be delivered by the self-assembled nanovectors for tumor-targeted RNA interference of the genes critical for prostate cancer progression and resistance. Combining tumor-targeted RNA interference of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL with conventional therapy would improve the efficacy and overcome the drug resistance to current cancer treatment, especially for metastasis, in which Bcl- 2/Bcl-xL protein is overexpressed and for which conventional therapy is not very effective. Successfully carried out, our studies will provide proof-of-concept that siRNA can be delivered by the self-assembled nanovectors for tumor-targeted silencing of the genes critical for prostate tumor progression and resistance. The success of tumor-targeted RNA interference by nanovectors in vivo will have a major impact on the development of siRNA-based novel therapeutics for various molecular targets of human prostate cancer.