The Socialist Being of a Thing: The Concepts of Object and Structure in Soviet Constructivism and Bruno Latour's Legacy

我博士项目的主要目的是对苏联建构主义进行本体论解释，并批判性地将这种解释与当代后人类哲学方法及其激进的跨学科愿望中阐述的结构和代理问题联系起来。布鲁诺·拉图尔（Bruno Latour）的行动者网络理论（ANT）奠定了基本的方法论基础，将非人类客体的本体论特殊性问题从主观性无法把握的问题转向更实用和局部的代理问题。这种代理成为批判性的后人类，因为它不再实质上与人类主体联系在一起，而是可以在积极产生的局部关系（网络）系统中包含任何对象（包括符号学和非符号学：从八卦到微生物）。但是，由于ANT是非常一般化的概念——因此它具有跨学科的影响——根据任何特定的流行话语的需要，它被无休止地重新阐述。因此，拉图尔自己一度将代理人概念化为准对象（Latour 2003），又将其概念化为事物（Latour 2005）。这在当代哲学和社会科学的跨学科领域中造成了概念和方法上的混乱，阻碍了其具体政治和社会可信度所需的理论统一。这就提出了一个问题，即是否有可能找到对结构和机构问题的不同历史阐述，这将有助于解决ANT中概念和方法混乱的现状。我将此定位于苏联建构主义关于事物（vesch’）及其与日常生活（byt）关系的概念。然而，将苏联建构主义投射到后拉图尔哲学框架中，需要对其历史遗产和自身内在的理论自我理解进行重新评估。因此，我的项目希望在当代哲学和艺术史领域进行两个相关的干预。

The main aim of my PhD project is to give an ontological interpretation of Soviet Constructivism and to critically connect this interpretation to the problem of structure and agency as it is elaborated within contemporary post-human philosophical approaches and their radical cross-disciplinary aspirations.Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory (ANT) has laid the basic methodological ground for a shift from the problem of the ontological specificity of non-human objects that cannot be subjectively grasped to the more pragmatic and local problem of agency. This agency becomes critically post-human because it is no longer substantively tied to a human subject but can encompass any object (both semiotic and non-semiotic alike: from a gossip to a microbe) within a system of actively produced local relationships (networks.) But because the ANT is conceptualized very generically - hence its transdisciplinary influence - it gets endlessly re-elaborated depending on the needs of any particular prevalent discourse. Thus, at one point Latour himself conceptualizes agents as quasi-objects (Latour 2003), at another as things (Latour 2005.) This creates conceptual and methodological confusion within the contemporary transdisciplinary field of philosophy and social sciences preventing the kind of theoretical unity required for its concrete political and social credibility.This raises the question of the possibility of finding a different historical elaboration of the problem of structure and agency which will help to resolve the current state of conceptual and methodological confusion in ANT. I locate this in the Soviet Constructivist concept of the thing (vesch') and its relationship to everyday life (byt.) However, to project Soviet Constructivism into the post-Latourean philosophical framework requires a re-evaluation of its historical legacy and own internal theoretical self-understanding. Thus, my project hopes to make two connected interventions into the fields of contemporary philosophy and art history.