2ZERO - Towards Zero Emissions in Regional Airline Operations

可持续运输和机动性对全球环境、经济和社会至关重要。今天的大型飞机可以在高载客量或高货运量的情况下高效运行。这导致了目前为大型飞机设计的中心辐射式(HAS)机场运营模式。这导致主要机场非常拥堵，乘客上门旅行的时间很长。这对乘客和航空运输系统运营商来说都是昂贵的。这些较大的飞机还通过碳排放对气候紧急情况做出了重大贡献。英国政府承诺，到2050年，航空运输将实现净零--平衡该行业的生产和碳排放。明天的**较小的电动飞机**将更频繁地起飞**将使从HAS运营转向更直接的点对点(PTP)模式成为可能。这一净零航空系统将改善公众获得航线的机会，减少主要枢纽机场的拥堵，创造更具经济可行性的区域航空运输业务，并**减少碳排放**。该项目使用整体系统方法模拟和实物演示电动飞机在区域航空运输业务中的可行性，以及实现**可扩展生态系统所需的变化，并对经济和环境产生**影响。2ZERO项目将对一架新颖的365KW 6座混合动力(HE)飞机的初始原型进行飞行演示，以评估性能和操作要求。该项目还将在1兆瓦19座混合动力(HE)双水獭飞机中集成并行HE架构和新颖的电池组能量系统，为第三阶段的飞行演示做准备。这将是展示他飞行的最大载客量。将使用建模和仿真来优化基于该等级的HE飞机的飞行。这项研究将揭示HE飞机未来运营所需的系统范围内的变化，包括新的标准和认证、机场基础设施、可再生地面电力(存储、分配和充电)的需求管理、地面运营和空中交通路线系统的优化。显著降低的运营成本和PTP航线结构将极大地提高航空公司运营商的灵活性，并通过从较小的地区性机场创建可行的航线来缓解主要枢纽的拥堵。环境方面，HE飞机通过基础设施改变和近期生物喷气燃料的使用，在英国实现100%的清洁能源运营，实现高达75%的减排。此外，飞机飞行中的噪音将减少40%-50%，地面噪音将减少90%。噪音和排放的减少都改善了机场周围社区的生活质量。在经济上，HE飞机将减少50%-75%的直接燃料成本和25%-50%的维护/大修成本。航空公司的整体运营成本将降低高达25%。由于PTP模式将以负担得起的成本服务于更多的城市和乡村对，社区将更紧密地联系在一起，创造更多的经济机会。

Sustainable transport and mobility are crucial to the global environment, economy and society. Today's larger aircraft can operate efficiently with high passenger numbers or high freight loads. This has led to the current Hub-and-Spoke (HAS) model of airport operations designed for large aircraft. This results in very congested major airports and long door-to-door travel times for passengers. This is costly to both passengers and air transport system operators. These larger aircraft also contribute significantly to the climate emergency through carbon emissions.The UK Government has pledged to make air transport net-zero by 2050 -- balancing production and removal of carbon by the sector. Tomorrow's **smaller electric aircraft, with more frequent departures,** will enable the move from HAS operations to a more direct Point-to-Point (PTP) model. This net-zero aviation system will improve public access to flight routes, reduce congestion at major hub airports, create more economically viable regional air transport operations and **cut carbon emissions**.This project uses a holistic systems approach to simulate and physically demonstrate the viability of electric aircraft in regional air transport operations and the changes needed to achieve a **scalable ecosystem with demonstrable** economic and environmental impact. The 2ZERO project will carry out flight demonstration of a novel 365KW initial prototype of 6-seat hybrid electric (HE) aircraft to assess performance capabilities and operational requirements.The project will also integrate a parallel HE architecture and novel battery pack energy system into a 1MW 19-seat hybrid electric (HE) Twin Otter aircraft to prepare for flight demonstration in Phase3\. This would be the largest passenger capacity for which HE flight is demonstrated. Modelling and simulation will be used to optimise flights based on this class of HE aircraft. This research will uncover the system-wide changes necessary for future operations of HE aircraft, including new standards and certification, airport infrastructure, demand management for renewable ground power (storage, distribution, and charging), optimisation of ground operations and air traffic route systems. Significantly reduced operating costs and the PTP route structure will dramatically improve flexibility for airline operators and ease congestion at major hubs by creating viable routes from smaller regional airports.Environmentally, HE aircraft enables 100% clean energy operation in the UK through infrastructure changes and near-term bio-jet fuel use, achieving up to 75% emissions reduction. Additionally, aircraft in-flight noise will be reduced by 40-50%, and by 90% on the ground. Both the noise and emissions reductions improve quality of life for communities surrounding airports. Economically, HE aircraft will cut direct fuel costs by 50-75% and maintenance/overhaul costs by 25%-50%. The overall airline operating costs will decrease by up to 25%. As the PTP model will serve more city- and village- pairs at an affordable cost, communities will be more connected, creating more economic opportunities.