Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity in Children: A focus on gender

儿童体力活动的环境决定因素：关注性别

• 批准号: 7322387
• 负责人: Noe Cuauhtemoc Crespo
• 金额: $ 2.74万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7322387
• 关键词: 9 year old; Accounting; Acculturation; Affect; Age; Behavior; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Communities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Device or Instrument Development; Elderly; Enrollment; Family; Foundations; Funding; Gender; Health; Health Professional; Health behavior; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Lead; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Mentorship; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Outcome Measure; Overweight; Parents; Physical activity; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Purpose; Recreation; Relative (related person); Research; Self Efficacy; Sex Characteristics; Stereotyping; Surveys; Testing; Training; Validation; Work; aged; base; boys; cohort; girls; improved; instrument; novel; obesity prevention; parent grant; prevent; programs; psychosocial; tool; trend; waist circumference

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Childhood obesity and related co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes have emerged as major public health challenges. Results from national surveys show that overweight and obesity trends have continued to rise. While treatment efforts are very costly and often not efficacious, prevention seems to be a more viable option. Understanding how obesity is related to health behavior is key to developing appropriate prevention strategies. As such, research efforts have focused on modifiable behaviors such as physical activity. Most studies show that boys are more active than girls, yet no study has developed an intervention in order to reduce these gender differences. Understanding key mediators and moderators of these gender differences will provide the necessary information for such studies. The long-term objectives are to gain an ecologically-oriented, empirically-based understanding of the determinants of gender differences in physical activity in children that will help in the development of gender- tailored interventions to promote physical activity in both boys and girls. The specific aims are to 1) develop new and/or modify existing measurement tools to assess key mediators and moderators of child's physical activity behaviors, and 2) conduct a cross-sectional study to implement these new tools to assess the gender-specific correlates of children's physical activity. This proposal will include the development, validation, and application of novel or refined measures to assess psychosocial, environmental and cultural correlates of physical activity in children aged 7-9 yrs old with a focus on gender. The first two years of training will be devoted to course work, analytical training, intense mentorship, development of instruments, and pilot testing of new or modifying existing measurement tools. The third through fifth years of training will involve conducting a cross-sectional study to implement these new measurement tools in a recreation center-based study (the NIDDK-funded parent grant) and analysis of data. Outcome measures will include child BMI, waist circumference, and physical activity via accelerometry. Independent variables will include: child, parental, community, cultural and environmental level data (i.e., child gender stereotypes, perceived barriers, parent support/modeling, acculturation, and availability of community physical activity programs). The relevance of this study is to give public health professionals critical information about what determines gender difference in physical activity of children. This information will be utilized to tailor physical activity programs for children so that both boys and girls can become more active, thus giving both equal opportunity to improve health and prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童肥胖症和相关合并症（如2型糖尿病）已成为主要的公共卫生挑战。全国调查结果显示，超重和肥胖趋势继续上升。虽然治疗费用很高，而且往往无效，但预防似乎是一个更可行的选择。了解肥胖与健康行为的关系是制定适当预防策略的关键。因此，研究工作集中在可改变的行为，如身体活动。大多数研究表明，男孩比女孩更活跃，但没有研究制定干预措施，以减少这些性别差异。了解这些性别差异的关键调解人和主持人将为此类研究提供必要的信息。长期目标是从生态学的角度，从生物学的角度理解儿童体育活动中性别差异的决定因素，这将有助于制定针对性别的干预措施，促进男孩和女孩的体育活动。具体目标是：1）开发新的和/或修改现有的测量工具，以评估儿童身体活动行为的关键调解人和主持人，2）进行横断面研究，以实施这些新工具，以评估儿童身体活动的性别特异性相关性。该提案将包括开发、验证和应用新的或改进的措施，以评估7-9岁儿童身体活动的社会心理、环境和文化相关因素，重点是性别。前两年的培训将致力于课程工作，分析培训，密集的指导，仪器的开发，以及新的或修改现有测量工具的试点测试。第三年至第五年的培训将涉及进行一项横断面研究，以在基于娱乐中心的研究（NIDDK资助的家长补助金）和数据分析中实施这些新的测量工具。结果测量将包括儿童BMI、腰围和通过加速度计进行的身体活动。自变量将包括：儿童、父母、社区、文化和环境层面的数据（即，儿童性别刻板印象，感知障碍，父母支持/建模，文化适应，以及社区体育活动计划的可用性）。这项研究的相关性是为公共卫生专业人员提供关键信息，了解是什么决定了儿童体力活动的性别差异。这些信息将用于为儿童量身定制体育活动方案，使男孩和女孩都能变得更加活跃，从而使两者都有平等的机会改善健康，预防肥胖和2型糖尿病。