Epidemiology & Ecology of Vibrio Cholerae in Bangladesh

流行病学

• 批准号: 7224931
• 负责人: Richard BRADLEY SACK
• 金额: $ 118万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7224931
• 关键词: Area; Bangladesh; Biological Assay; Biotechnology; Cholera; Clinical; Country; DNA; DNA Probes; Data; Development; Direct Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Early Mobilizations; Ecology; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization; Genetic; Genotype; Habitats; Health; Incidence; Institutes; Invaded; Maryland; Measures; Medical Surveillance; Methodology; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Patients; Periodicity; Phytoplankton; Plankton; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population Research; Preventive; Public Health; Radioactive; Rate; Research Design; Site; Standards of Weights and Measures; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Universities; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio cholerae O1; Vibrio cholerae O139; Water; Work; Zooplankton; base; improved; medical schools; mortality; pandemic disease; transmission process; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cholera continues to be a major public health problem throughout the developing world. The primary objective of the original application was to test the hypothesis that environmental factors involving surface waters were responsible for the observed periodicity and pandemic nature of cholera. Data collected strongly suggest, but do not prove, that environmental factors are predictive of cholera outbreaks. Work will now focus on further defining the positive environmental associations that were found, and in determining, by genetic methodology, the relatedness of V. cholerae strains isolated from the environment and those from patients. Work will continue in Bangladesh in association with the Centre for Health and Population Research (ICDDR, B), the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute and School of Medicine, and Emory University. Bi-weekly clinical and environmental surveillance will continue at two of the original sites where cholera outbreaks were frequent and in a new third site (Sunderbans), an area of mangrove swamps close to the Bay of Bengal, the site of entry for the O139 vibrios in Bangladesh in 1992 Improved assays will focus on: (1) identifying and culturing V. cholerae in surface waters, using both standard techniques and colonly blots with non-radioactive DNA probes, (for V. cholerae species, O1, O139, ctx, and tcpA) DNA extraction, and PCR, (2) assessing the relationship between clinical and environmental isolates by genotyping (using AFLP, ERIC-PCR, and MLST) and (3) identifying and enumerating V. cholerae attached to specific zooplankton species, using direct fluorescent antibody techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays. Using the surveillance data our model of cholera transmission will be further refined. This will be useful in predicting outbreaks of cholera, not only in Bangladesh, but also in other countries with similar aquatic environments, thereby allowing early mobilization of preventive and treatment measures. Bangladesh is unique in affording the environment for doing these types of studies.

描述（由申请人提供）：霍乱仍然是整个发展中国家的一个主要公共卫生问题。最初申请的主要目的是检验以下假设：涉及地表水的环境因素是造成霍乱观察到的周期性和流行性质的原因。收集的数据强烈表明，但并不能证明，环境因素可以预测霍乱的爆发。现在的工作重点是进一步确定已发现的积极环境关联，并通过遗传学方法确定从环境中分离出的霍乱弧菌菌株与从患者中分离出来的霍乱弧菌菌株的相关性。孟加拉国的工作将继续与健康和人口研究中心 (ICDDR, B)、马里兰大学生物技术研究所和医学院以及埃默里大学合作。将在霍乱爆发频繁的两个原始地点和新的第三个地点（Sunderbans）继续进行每两周一次的临床和环境监测，该地区是靠近孟加拉湾的红树林沼泽地区，也是 1992 年 O139 弧菌进入孟加拉国的地点。改进的测定将侧重于：（1）使用标准技术和技术来识别和培养地表水中的霍乱弧菌。 使用非放射性 DNA 探针进行菌落印迹（对于霍乱弧菌物种，O1、O139、ctx 和 tcpA）DNA 提取和 PCR，(2) 通过基因分型（使用 AFLP、ERIC-PCR 和 MLST）评估临床和环境分离株之间的关系，以及 (3) 识别和计数附着在特定浮游动物物种上的霍乱弧菌， 使用直接荧光抗体技术和荧光原位杂交测定。利用监测数据，我们的霍乱传播模型将得到进一步完善。这将有助于预测霍乱的爆发，不仅在孟加拉国，而且在具有类似水生环境的其他国家也如此，从而可以及早采取预防和治疗措施。孟加拉国在为此类研究提供环境方面是独一无二的。