Auditory perception and the nature of sounds

听觉感知和声音的本质

• 批准号: AH/D000467/1
• 负责人: Matthew Nudds
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FD000467%2F1
• 关键词: Auditory; perception; nature; sounds

The research I propose to undertake develops an account of auditory perception and of the nature of sounds. Auditory perception is poorly understood, and there are a number of questions that need to be answered by an account. First, what is the nature and content of auditory experience? In particular, what does auditory experience represent? The obvious answer is that it represents sounds; but there are good reasons / and some empirical evidence / for thinking that auditory experience also represents the sources of sounds and their properties. An account of auditory experience needs to explain how our auditory experience represents the sources of sounds, and what the connection is between the sounds we experience and how our experience represents the sources of those sounds. Secondly, what are sounds? There is no widely accepted answer to this question. Sounds are produced by physical events and yet are often thought to be subjective or otherwise insubstantial. An account of the nature of sounds should explain how they relate to the physical world and to the things which produce them, and whether we can individuate them independently of auditory experience.The account of auditory perception that I am developing answers these questions. It is usually thought that an account of auditory perception should simply be an account of the perception of sounds. I argue that this is mistaken: our experience of sounds is the result of a process whose function is the perception of the sources of sounds. Sounds are simply the objects of experiences produced by a process that functions in this way. Although it seems to follow from this that sounds are experience-dependent, it doesn't follow that they are subjective or mental objects; sounds are patterns or structures instantiated by the soundwaves produced by the sources of sounds. We perceive sounds, but only as part of a process which functions to perceive objects and events around us. I argue that we hear objects as the sources of the sounds we hear / that we experience sounds as having been produced by their sources. This makes auditory perception, unlike visual perception, a kind of mediated perception. Perceiving objects involves perceiving sounds which are patterns in the medium through which information about those objects is transmitted. It follows that auditory experience can be misleading in ways that visual experience cannot be; that is, by veridically representing a sound but misrepresenting the source of that sound. There are a number of little known auditory illusions that are best explained in just these terms.

我提议进行的研究发展了听觉感知和声音本质的描述。人们对听觉的理解很差，有许多问题需要通过一个账户来回答。第一，听觉体验的本质和内容是什么？特别是，听觉体验代表了什么？显而易见的答案是，它代表声音；但是，有充分的理由和一些经验证据表明，听觉体验也代表了声音的来源及其属性。对听觉体验的描述需要解释我们的听觉体验如何代表声音的来源，以及我们所体验到的声音与我们的体验如何代表这些声音的来源之间的联系。其次，什么是声音？这个问题没有一个被广泛接受的答案。声音是由物理事件产生的，但通常被认为是主观的或不真实的。对声音本质的描述应该解释它们与物理世界和产生声音的事物的关系，以及我们是否可以独立于听觉经验将它们个性化。我正在发展的听觉感知理论回答了这些问题。通常认为，对听觉感知的解释应该仅仅是对声音感知的解释。我认为这是错误的：我们对声音的体验是一个过程的结果，这个过程的功能是对声音来源的感知。声音只是通过这种方式运作的过程所产生的经验的对象。虽然从这一点似乎可以得出声音依赖于经验的结论，但这并不能得出声音是主观的或精神的客体；声音是由声源产生的声波实例化的模式或结构。我们感知声音，但只是感知我们周围物体和事件过程的一部分。我认为我们听到的物体是我们听到的声音的来源/我们体验到的声音是由它们的来源产生的。这使得听觉知觉不同于视觉知觉，是一种中介知觉。感知物体包括感知声音，声音是传递物体信息的媒介模式。由此可见，听觉体验会以视觉体验无法做到的方式产生误导；也就是说，通过真实地表达一个声音，但错误地表达这个声音的来源。有许多鲜为人知的听觉错觉，用这些术语就能得到最好的解释。