The 'Lands of the Normans' in England (1204-44)

该项目考察了1204年“盎格鲁-诺曼王国”被推翻后英法贵族的历史。1066年，诺曼征服英格兰，英格兰和诺曼底统一于一个统治者之下;尽管有一些分裂，但直到1204年，这两个国家仍然保持着政治上的统一。在那一年，法国国王吞并了诺曼底，并驱逐了它的杜克，英国国王约翰。这一事件对海峡两岸的土地所有者产生了戏剧性的影响。自1066年以来，许多贵族家族在英格兰和北方法国都拥有土地，这些跨海峡的利益对这两个地区的政治和社会产生了决定性的影响;法国国王在1204年吞并了诺曼底，这使得这种跨海峡的土地所有权变得不可能。然而，从来没有一个系统的研究的政治后果的分离，英格兰和诺曼底，利用全方位的出版和未出版的证据。该项目对受两国政治分离影响的家庭和庄园的命运进行了一次试点调查，该项目试图通过重点关注所谓的“诺曼人土地价值名册”中所列的庄园和家庭来评估这些事件的影响。这份名册于1204年为英格兰国王约翰编纂，是第一份记录盎格鲁-诺曼王国终结影响的英国皇家文件，因为它详细记录了约翰国王对众多选择留在法国的家庭的英国财产的没收。除了一些教会庄园外，这段文字还提到了102个庄园，这些庄园是国王的官员从大约60个世俗地主那里没收的，分布在英格兰中部和南部的18个郡。在1204年之后的几十年里，这些家族中的许多人都试图在这两个国家维持他们的利益，而这两个君主国都用没收的财产作为对忠诚臣民的奖励。该项目旨在追溯每个家族和庄园的历史，直到1244年，当时英国和法国的国王都禁止他们的臣民在这两个王国拥有土地。该项目旨在通过重建1204年名册中记录的每一处财产的历史，分析英法政治共同体分裂成独立的英法共同体的过程，并评估没收的土地在皇家赞助中的作用。这试图确定英法社区成员之间的各种联系，如家庭关系，政治派别和土地所有权。该数据库的一个组成部分是开发基于网络的工具，如数字化家谱和地图，以协助分析收集到的数据。数据库的开发具有重要的实验功能，因为项目小组测试了使用这种电子工具来确定英法土地所有者阶级不同成员之间各种社会、文化和政治联系的可能性。虽然数据库的建立是一个独立的项目，但其开发的主要目的是作为一个可行性研究，以更全面地调查1204年至巴黎条约（1259年）之间的英法贵族，当时英国国王正式放弃对诺曼底的所有要求。该数据库还旨在为一本专著的研究做出贡献，该专著将评估1204- 1205年的选举对英国和法国政治，社会和身份的影响。更广泛地说，数据库及其工具的开发探索了一系列在人文科学研究中使用信息技术的新方法。

This project examined the history of the Anglo-French aristocracy after the overthrow of the 'Anglo-Norman realm' in 1204. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 had brought England and Normandy under a single ruler; and, despite some disruption, the two countries remained politically united until 1204. In that year, the king of France annexed Normandy and drove out its duke, King John of England. This event had dramatic consequences for landowners on both sides of the Channel. Since 1066, many aristocratic families had held lands in both England and northern France, and these cross-Channel interests had had a determining effect upon the politics and society of both regions; the French king's annexation of Normandy in 1204 threatened to make such cross-Channel landownership impossible. However, there has never been a systematic study of the political consequences of the separation of England and Normandy, drawing upon the full range of the published and unpublished evidence. The project executed a pilot investigation into the fate of the families and estates affected by the political separation of the two countries.The project sought to assess the impact of these events by focussing upon the estates and families listed in the so-called 'Roll of the Value of the Lands of the Normans'. Compiled in 1204 for King John of England, the roll was the first English royal document to record the effects of the end of the Anglo-Norman realm, for it detailed King John's confiscations of the English property of numerous families that had opted to remain in France. As well as a number of ecclesiastical estates, this text mentions 102 manors that the king's officers had confiscated from about sixty lay landowners, distributed across eighteen counties in central and southern England. For several decades after 1204, many of these families attempted to maintain their interests in both countries, while both monarchies used confiscated estates as rewards for their loyal subjects. The project aimed to trace the history of each family and estate on the roll until 1244, when the kings of England and France each prohibited their subjects outright from holding lands in both kingdoms. By reconstructing the history of each property recorded in the roll of 1204, the project aimed to provide an analysis of the fracturing of the Anglo-French political community into separate English and French communities, and to assess the role of the confiscated lands in royal patronage.This research was executed through the creation of a web-based database. This sought to identify the various links between the members of the Anglo-French community, such as family ties, political affiliation, and landownership. An integral aspect of this database was the development of web-based tools such as digitised genealogies and maps to assist in the analysis of the collected data. The development of the database had an important experimental function, as the project team tested the possibilities of using such an electronic tool to identify the various social, cultural and political links between the different members of the Anglo-French landowning classes. Although the establishment of the database served as a discrete project, a primary aim of its development was as a feasibility study for a more comprehensive survey of the Anglo-French aristocracy between 1204 and the treaty of Paris (1259), when the king of England formally renounced all claim to Normandy. The database was also intended to contribute to the research for a monograph that will assess the impact of the confiscations of 1204-5 upon English and French politics, society and identity. More generally, the development of the database and its tools explored a range of new ways to use IT in humanities research.