From Ritual Openness to Juridical Disambiguation: The Relationship of the Papacy to the Normans and Hohenstaufen in Southern Italy (11th-13th Centuries)

从仪式开放到司法消歧：罗马教皇与意大利南部诺曼人和霍亨斯陶芬王朝的关系（11-13世纪）

• 批准号: 281652222
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Knut Görich
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Mittelalterliche Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/281652222?language=en
• 关键词: Ritual; Openness; Juridical; Disambiguation; Relationship

The relations of the papacy first to the Norman conquerors from 1059, thereafter, from 1130 to the Norman Kings of Sicily, and finally to their Hohenstaufen heirs from 1194 to 1268 are of central importance for the history of Southern Italy. In particular German scholars have viewed this relationship as a feudal bond, explaining thus central developments in terms of the norms of a supposed system of feudal law (Lehnsrecht) which is thought to have determined the spectrum of possible actions and motives of the involved parties. However, since Susan Reynoldsʼ book ‘Fiefs and vassals', feudal explanations have lost their formerly unchallenged dominance for the interpretation of political ties in the High Middle Ages. Extrapolating from this contemporary scholarly debate and incorporating cultural-historical questions this project aims to view the question from a fundamentally new perspective. By turning the focus on both the communication processes recorded in the historical sources as well as those tangible through symbolic and ritual practices, in addition to a rigorous contextualization of the events in question, the rigid categories and norms currently dominant in constitutional history research will be overcome. This new reading aims to achieve a reassessment of the relationship between the Papacy and the rulers of Southern Italy. In this context it will be necessary to analyze the effects of the increasing legal disambiguation in the 12th century on how the parties perceived and understood themselves and their counterparts. Did a changed perception of the symbolic acts that were displayed in previous meetings of the two parties result in a retrospective re-evaluation of the relationship that began as early as in the 12th century?

罗马教皇与诺曼征服者（1059年）、诺曼征服者（1130年）和西西里的诺曼国王（1194年至1268年）的关系，对南意大利的历史至关重要。特别是德国学者将这种关系视为一种封建契约，从而解释了所谓的封建法律体系（Lehnsrecht）规范的核心发展，这种规范被认为决定了相关当事人可能的行为和动机的范围。然而，自从苏珊·雷诺兹（Susan Reynolds）的《采邑与封臣》（Fiefs and Vassals）一书出版以来，封建主义的解释在中世纪盛期的政治关系解释中已经失去了以前无可挑战的主导地位。从这个当代的学术辩论中推断，并结合文化历史问题，该项目旨在从一个全新的角度看待这个问题。通过将重点转向历史资料中记录的沟通过程以及通过象征和仪式实践有形的沟通过程，除了对所讨论的事件进行严格的情境化之外，目前在宪政史研究中占主导地位的僵化类别和规范将被克服。这一新的阅读旨在实现对教皇与南意大利统治者之间关系的重新评估。在这种情况下，有必要分析世纪日益增加的法律的歧义对当事人如何看待和理解自己及其对手的影响。对两党以前会议中表现出的象征性行为的看法发生了变化，这是否导致了对早在12世纪就开始的关系的回顾性重新评估？