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Making the Holocene cultural landscape; archaeological and palaeoecological perspectives from Quaternary entomology

打造全新世文化景观；

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E000916/1
负责人：
Nicola Whitehouse
金额：
$ 3万
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE000916%2F1
关键词：
Making Holocene cultural landscape archaeological

项目摘要

The proposed work will be a major review book which will summarise and evaluate, for the first time, research associated with fossilised insect fragments from archaeological sites over the last 10,000 years. Such fragments are preserved in waterlogged and damp deposits and can tell us immense detail about how humans lived in prehistory, how they affected the landscape when they moved to a farming way of life and destroyed the wildwood, and how the development of urban centres changed the appearance of the landscape forever. Such an exercise has not been previously undertaken from a fossil insect perspective, in the context of current archaeological and palaeoenvironmental debates, nor has the research been made readily accessible to the non-specialist. The geographical focus of the work will be on the British Isles, where the majority of research in this field has been undertaken, although records from elsewhere in Europe and further a field will be drawn upon where relevant.The central theme of the book is concerned with the development of the 'cultural landscape'. The cultural landscape is the environment which surrounds us and which has been shaped by our interactions with all the constituent parts of that environment. It is the habitat that the human race has created through conflict and cooperation over thousands of years, the product of human interaction with nature and is as much part of the story of our existence as that of the physical landscape. The book will build upon the author's doctoral research entitled 'The evolution of the Holocene wetland landscape of the Humberhead Levels from a fossil insect perspective', drawing upon case studies therein, published and unpublished research by the applicant, but also other archaeological investigations undertaken by specialists in this field over the last fifty or more years.The review will be underpinned by a through and robust re-evaluation of the timing of events and differences at the national and regional scale. The sorts of questions which will be addressed are, for instance, what are the differences between the development of the British and Irish landscapes? Although superficially very similar landscapes, their development has been subject to different physical and socio-political forces. What are the differences between regions of Britain, such as southern and northern England? Do these tell us something about how these landscapes developed and were manipulated by humans? What were the major impacts with the development of agriculture and urbanisation? How do results compare with other archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data? What are the major challenges to our understanding of the fossil insect fauna? What are its limitations and the areas which require addressing further, both in terms of space and time coverage and methodologies? There will be no primary collection of data. The project will utilise published and unpublished material from the applicant's PhD thesis and other unpublished Irish work, as well as drawing upon a selection of published sites by other workers. The book will follow a chronological narrative, opening with the end of the last ice age and following key stages in the development of the cultural landscape and finishing in the 18th century, the date of the most recent information available. There will be two outputs to the project: a single authored book and a paper in a peer-reviewed journal. The book will be primarily aimed at other archaeologists (including but not exclusively environmental archaeologists), landscape historians and those interested in Quaternary environmental change and students of these disciplines. The paper will be aimed at archaeological scientists and will summarise the major trends and findings of the project. The programme of research is already advanced and outputs will be complete by the end ofthe sabbatical period.

这项工作将是一本重要的评论书，它将首次总结和评估过去一万年来考古遗址中与化石昆虫碎片相关的研究。这些碎片被保存在浸水和潮湿的沉积物中，可以告诉我们史前人类如何生活的大量细节，当他们转向农耕生活方式并破坏野生森林时，他们是如何影响景观的，以及城市中心的发展如何永远改变了景观的外观。在目前的考古和古环境辩论的背景下，以前没有从化石昆虫的角度进行过这样的工作，也没有向非专业人员提供容易获得的研究。这项工作的地理重点将放在不列颠群岛，这一领域的大部分研究都是在那里进行的，尽管在有关情况下将利用来自欧洲其他地方和其他领域的记录。这本书的中心主题是关于“文化景观”的发展。文化景观是我们周围的环境，它是由我们与该环境的所有组成部分的相互作用形成的。它是人类通过数千年的冲突与合作创造的栖息地，是人类与自然互动的产物，是我们存在的故事的一部分，就像自然景观一样。这本书将以作者的博士研究为基础，题为“从化石昆虫的角度来看亨伯黑德水平全新世湿地景观的演变”，借鉴其中的案例研究，申请人已发表和未发表的研究，以及过去50多年来该领域专家进行的其他考古调查。审查工作将以全面而有力地重新评估国家和区域层面的活动时间和差异为基础。这里要讨论的问题有，比如，英国和爱尔兰风景的发展有什么不同？虽然表面上景观非常相似，但它们的发展受到不同的自然和社会政治力量的影响。英国地区之间有什么不同，比如英格兰南部和北部？这些能告诉我们这些景观是如何被人类开发和操纵的吗？农业发展和城市化的主要影响是什么？结果如何与其他考古和古环境数据进行比较？我们对昆虫化石动物群的理解面临的主要挑战是什么？在空间和时间覆盖范围以及方法方面，它的局限性和需要进一步解决的领域是什么？不会有第一手的数据收集。该项目将利用申请人的博士论文和其他未发表的爱尔兰作品中已发表和未发表的材料，以及其他工作人员选择的已发表的网站。这本书将按照时间顺序叙述，从最后一个冰河时代的结束开始，接着是文化景观发展的关键阶段，最后在18世纪结束，这是可获得的最新信息的日期。该项目将有两个产出：一本单独撰写的书和在同行评审期刊上发表的一篇论文。本书将主要针对其他考古学家（包括但不限于环境考古学家），景观历史学家和那些对第四纪环境变化感兴趣的人以及这些学科的学生。这篇论文将针对考古科学家，并将总结该项目的主要趋势和发现。研究方案已经取得进展，到休假期结束时将完成产出。