Early Detection, Intervention and Neurobiology in Autism

自闭症的早期检测、干预和神经生物学

• 批准号: 7551726
• 负责人: Rebecca Jean Landa
• 金额: $ 46.34万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-03 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7551726
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age-Months; Age-Years; Autistic Disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Biochemical; Birth; Brain; Child; Communication; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Disruption; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Emotional; Family history of; Foundations; Goals; Guidelines; Head circumference; Impairment; Infant; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Language; Language Delays; Language Development; Lead; Life; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Methods; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Neuropeptides; Outcome; Pattern; Process; Risk; Rosa; Siblings; Stereotyping; Testing; Time; Toddler; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; base; concept; gastrointestinal; improved; interest; joint attention; neurobiological mechanism; neurochemistry; neurotrophic factor; postnatal; prenatal; prospective; response; skills

Autism is a brain-based disorder characterized by significant impairment in communication and emotional understanding/expression in the presence of stereotyped interests and activities. It is typically not diagnosed until 3 years of age. Yet there is evidence that the brain abnormality in autism has its origin in prenatal life or at birth. This project aims to improve outcome in toddlers with autism by facilitating access to earlier intervention and by identifying critical targets for early intervention. Four groups of toddlers will participate in this prospective, longitudinal study of autism: siblings of children with autism, late talkers referred by local professionals (having no family history of autism), toddlers with non-familial autism, and typically developing controls. Assessments of general development, communication, and functions related to interpersonal synchrony (joint attention, contingent imitation, shared positive affect) will be conducted. Our preliminary evidence suggests that, by 18 months of age, autism can be differentiated from language delay based on functions related to interpersonal synchrony (joint attention, shared positive affect). This project will extend existing evidence that a disruption in interpersonal synchrony may differentiate autism from language delay in toddlers. We will test the hypothesis that targeting these interpersonal synchrony goals in early intervention may accelerate language and communication development, and ultimately improve outcomes for children with autism. This project also aims to define early neurobiological mechanisms that may lead to improved medical interventions for autism.

自闭症是一种以大脑为基础的疾病，其特征是在刻板的兴趣和活动中存在沟通和情感理解/表达的严重障碍。通常要到3岁才会被诊断出来。然而，有证据表明，自闭症患者的大脑异常起源于产前生活或出生时。该项目旨在通过促进早期干预和确定早期干预的关键目标来改善自闭症幼儿的结果。四组幼儿将参与这项前瞻性的自闭症纵向研究：自闭症儿童的兄弟姐妹，由当地专业人士转诊的晚说话者（没有自闭症家族史），非家族性自闭症幼儿，以及典型的发展对照。对一般发展、沟通和与人际同步相关的功能（共同注意、偶然模仿、共同积极影响）进行评估。我们的