权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Influence of Sexual Violence and Partner Dynamics of Women's HIV Risk

性暴力和伴侣动态对女性艾滋病毒风险的影响

基本信息

批准号：
7409852
负责人：
Jamila Kinshasa Stockman
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-16 至 2008-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7409852
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV diagnosis Accounting Address Affect Age Anal Sex Area Baltimore Behavior Behavioral Characteristics Cities Communities Computer Assisted Data Drug abuse Enrollment Equation Female Frequencies Future HIV HIV Infections HIV diagnosis Health Heterosexuals Individual Intervention Studies Interview Life Logistic Regressions Longevity Maryland Mediating Mediator of activation protein Mental Depression Minority Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Oral Parents Participant Population Study Prevalence Prevention intervention Prevention program Public Health Questionnaires Rate Recording of previous events Research Research Priority Risk Risk Behaviors Severities Sex Behavior Sexual Partners Substance Abuse, Other Substance abuse problem Support of Research Surveys Techniques Testing United States Unsafe Sex Vagina Violence Visit Woman base depressive symptoms experience instrument partner violence pressure sex socioeconomics violence against women

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexual violence and HIV infection have emerged as significant and interrelated public health problems facing women. In the United States, one of every six women has been threatened or forced into an unwanted sex act sometime in her life; however, this estimate represents a spectrum of partner types. In addition, a quarter of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses occur among women, with almost 70% due to heterosexual contact. Numerous studies found a consistent relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk in women. Also, recent research showed that sexually violent experiences occur prior to substance abuse and depression indicating an initiation of HIV risk. However, limited data exist to delineate possible differences in HIV sexual risk based on the severity and frequency of violent sex acts - pressured or forced vaginal, oral, and anal sex - and type of sexually violent partner - main, casual, or exchange. To address this gap in research, the applicant will conduct a community-based survey in Baltimore, Maryland to examine the interrelationships of sexual violence, partner dynamics, victim substance abuse, depression, and sexual HIV risk. Investigating the relationship between specific violent sex acts and HIV risk, accounting for types of violent partners, is critical to modify existing intervention and prevention efforts addressing the linkage between sexual violence and HIV. Specific aims of the research are to: (1) assess the impact of frequency and severity of sexual violence on HIV risk by type of violent sex partner; (2) describe the prevalence of women's HIV risk behaviors by violent vaginal, oral, and anal sex acts or a combination of any violent sex acts; and (3) evaluate the interaction of victim substance abuse and depressive symptoms as potential mediators in the relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk. Female participants will be currently enrolled in an NIMH sponsored HIV prevention intervention study in Baltimore, Maryland. A standardized questionnaire using audio computer-assisted self-interview techniques will collect information from 350 participants about sexual violence experiences, sexual activity, depression, substance abuse, and other behavioral characteristics at the 12-month visit. Sexual violence will be assessed using a modified version of the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale, a validated and established instrument. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling will be used to examine the proposed aims. National research priorities support research dedicated to evaluating the health consequences of sexual violence across the lifespan. Identifying how sexual violence and violent partner type can impact HIV rates will allow for prevention programs that can alter mediating behaviors and ultimately individual HIV risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：性暴力和艾滋病毒感染已成为妇女面临的重大且相互关联的公共卫生问题。在美国，每六名女性中就有一人在一生中的某个时候曾受到威胁或被迫进行不受欢迎的性行为；然而，这一估计代表了一系列合作伙伴类型。此外，四分之一的新艾滋病毒/艾滋病诊断发生在女性中，其中近 70% 是由于异性接触造成的。大量研究发现，女性性暴力与艾滋病毒风险之间存在一致的关系。此外，最近的研究表明，性暴力经历发生在药物滥用和抑郁之前，表明艾滋病毒风险的开始。然而，现有的数据有限，无法根据暴力性行为（强迫或强迫阴道性交、口交和肛交）的严重程度和频率以及性暴力伴侣的类型（主要、临时或交换）来描述艾滋病毒性风险可能存在的差异。为了解决这一研究空白，申请人将在马里兰州巴尔的摩进行一项基于社区的调查，以研究性暴力、伴侣动态、受害者药物滥用、抑郁和艾滋病毒性风险之间的相互关系。调查特定暴力性行为与艾滋病毒风险之间的关系，考虑暴力伴侣的类型，对于修改现有的解决性暴力与艾滋病毒之间联系的干预和预防工作至关重要。该研究的具体目的是：（1）按暴力性伴侣的类型评估性暴力的频率和严重程度对艾滋病毒风险的影响； (2) 描述暴力阴道性交、口交和肛交或任何暴力性行为组合等妇女艾滋病毒危险行为的流行情况； (3) 评估受害者药物滥用和抑郁症状之间的相互作用，作为性暴力和艾滋病毒风险之间关系的潜在中介因素。女性参与者目前将参加 NIMH 资助的一项在马里兰州巴尔的摩进行的艾滋病毒预防干预研究。使用音频计算机辅助自我访谈技术的标准化调查问卷将从 350 名参与者收集有关 12 个月访问中的性暴力经历、性活动、抑郁、药物滥用和其他行为特征的信息。性暴力将使用修订版的针对妇女暴力严重程度量表进行评估，该量表是经过验证的既定工具。将使用逻辑回归和结构方程模型来检验所提出的目标。国家研究重点支持致力于评估性暴力对整个生命周期健康影响的研究。确定性暴力和暴力伴侣类型如何影响艾滋病毒感染率将有助于制定可以改变中介行为并最终改变个人艾滋病毒风险的预防计划。