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The Influence of Sexual Violence and Partner Dynamics of Women's HIV Risk

性暴力和伴侣动态对女性艾滋病毒风险的影响

基本信息

批准号：
7409852
负责人：
Jamila Kinshasa Stockman
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-16 至 2008-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7409852
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV diagnosis Accounting Address Affect Age Anal Sex Area Baltimore Behavior Behavioral Characteristics Cities Communities Computer Assisted Data Drug abuse Enrollment Equation Female Frequencies Future HIV HIV Infections HIV diagnosis Health Heterosexuals Individual Intervention Studies Interview Life Logistic Regressions Longevity Maryland Mediating Mediator of activation protein Mental Depression Minority Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Oral Parents Participant Population Study Prevalence Prevention intervention Prevention program Public Health Questionnaires Rate Recording of previous events Research Research Priority Risk Risk Behaviors Severities Sex Behavior Sexual Partners Substance Abuse, Other Substance abuse problem Support of Research Surveys Techniques Testing United States Unsafe Sex Vagina Violence Visit Woman base depressive symptoms experience instrument partner violence pressure sex socioeconomics violence against women

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexual violence and HIV infection have emerged as significant and interrelated public health problems facing women. In the United States, one of every six women has been threatened or forced into an unwanted sex act sometime in her life; however, this estimate represents a spectrum of partner types. In addition, a quarter of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses occur among women, with almost 70% due to heterosexual contact. Numerous studies found a consistent relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk in women. Also, recent research showed that sexually violent experiences occur prior to substance abuse and depression indicating an initiation of HIV risk. However, limited data exist to delineate possible differences in HIV sexual risk based on the severity and frequency of violent sex acts - pressured or forced vaginal, oral, and anal sex - and type of sexually violent partner - main, casual, or exchange. To address this gap in research, the applicant will conduct a community-based survey in Baltimore, Maryland to examine the interrelationships of sexual violence, partner dynamics, victim substance abuse, depression, and sexual HIV risk. Investigating the relationship between specific violent sex acts and HIV risk, accounting for types of violent partners, is critical to modify existing intervention and prevention efforts addressing the linkage between sexual violence and HIV. Specific aims of the research are to: (1) assess the impact of frequency and severity of sexual violence on HIV risk by type of violent sex partner; (2) describe the prevalence of women's HIV risk behaviors by violent vaginal, oral, and anal sex acts or a combination of any violent sex acts; and (3) evaluate the interaction of victim substance abuse and depressive symptoms as potential mediators in the relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk. Female participants will be currently enrolled in an NIMH sponsored HIV prevention intervention study in Baltimore, Maryland. A standardized questionnaire using audio computer-assisted self-interview techniques will collect information from 350 participants about sexual violence experiences, sexual activity, depression, substance abuse, and other behavioral characteristics at the 12-month visit. Sexual violence will be assessed using a modified version of the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale, a validated and established instrument. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling will be used to examine the proposed aims. National research priorities support research dedicated to evaluating the health consequences of sexual violence across the lifespan. Identifying how sexual violence and violent partner type can impact HIV rates will allow for prevention programs that can alter mediating behaviors and ultimately individual HIV risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：性暴力和艾滋病毒感染已成为妇女面临的重大和相互关联的公共卫生问题。在美国，每六名女性中就有一名在一生中的某个时候受到威胁或被迫进行不想要的性行为;然而，这一估计代表了一系列伴侣类型。此外，四分之一的艾滋病毒/艾滋病新诊断发生在妇女中，其中近70%是由于异性性接触。许多研究发现，性暴力与妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险之间存在一致的关系。此外，最近的研究表明，性暴力经历发生在药物滥用和抑郁症之前，表明艾滋病毒风险的开始。然而，现有的数据有限，无法根据暴力性行为的严重程度和频率（压力或强迫阴道，口交和肛交）以及性暴力伴侣的类型（主要，偶然或交换）来描述艾滋病毒性风险的可能差异。为了解决研究中的这一差距，申请人将在马里兰州的巴尔的摩进行一项以社区为基础的调查，以研究性暴力、伴侣动态、受害者药物滥用、抑郁症和性艾滋病毒风险之间的相互关系。调查具体的暴力性行为与艾滋病毒风险之间的关系，说明暴力伴侣的类型，对于修改现有的干预和预防工作，解决性暴力与艾滋病毒之间的联系至关重要。该研究的具体目的是：（1）按暴力性伴侣类型评估性暴力的频率和严重程度对艾滋病毒风险的影响;（2）描述暴力阴道、口交和肛交行为或任何暴力性行为的组合导致女性艾滋病毒风险行为的流行率;以及（3）评估受害者物质滥用和抑郁症状作为性暴力与艾滋病毒风险之间关系的潜在中介的相互作用。女性受试者目前将参加NIMH赞助的在马里兰州巴尔的摩进行的HIV预防干预研究。使用音频计算机辅助自我访谈技术的标准化问卷将在12个月的访问中从350名参与者那里收集有关性暴力经历、性活动、抑郁、药物滥用和其他行为特征的信息。性暴力将使用经修订的暴力侵害妇女行为严重程度量表进行评估，这是一个经过验证的既定工具。逻辑回归和结构方程模型将被用来检查拟议的目标。国家研究优先事项支持致力于评估性暴力对整个生命周期的健康影响的研究。确定性暴力和暴力伴侣类型如何影响艾滋病毒感染率将允许预防计划，可以改变中介行为，并最终改变个人艾滋病毒风险。