The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

三十年战争（1618-48）是欧洲历史上最具破坏性的冲突之一，夺去了大约800万人的生命。其原因与欧洲政治、经济和宗教生活的长期变化有关。威斯特伐利亚和约的签订被广泛认为是现代主权国家国际秩序的诞生。虽然有大量的专家研究的许多方面的战争，没有一个实质性的单一著作的英文自1938年以来，和一般治疗的其他语言是零碎的。本书将对战争的起因、进行和后果进行全面的分析。它将认为，这既不是一个狭隘的“德国战争”，也不是一个一般的国际斗争，而是一个独特的冲突，在中欧的政治和宗教平衡，是与其他竞争的地区主导权在西欧，北方和东欧。除了讨论政治，军事和宗教方面，分析将借鉴新的方法，特别是“战争经验”的概念，调查在早期现代欧洲战斗的个人和心理影响。

The Thirty Years War (1618-48) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history and claimed around 8 million lives. Its causes are associated with long-term changes in European political, economic and religious life. Its settlement at the Peace of Westphalia is widely seen as the birth of the modern international order of sovereign states. While there are a large number of specialist studies of many aspects of the war, there has not been a substantial single­ authored volume in English since 1938 and general treatment in other languages is patchy. This project fills this important gap.The book will provide comprehensive analysis of the war's causes, conduct and consequences. It will argue that it was neither a narrow 'German war', nor a general international struggle, but a distinct conflict over the political and religious balance within Central Europe that was related to other competition for regional dominance in western, northern and eastern Europe. In addition to discussing the political, military and religious dimensions, the analysis will draw on new approaches, notably the concept of 'war experience' that investigates the personal and psychological impact of fighting in early modern Europe.