Tito and Titoism: A Reassessment

铁托和铁托主义：重新评估

• 批准号: AH/E50437X/1
• 负责人: Dejan Jovic
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE50437X%2F1
• 关键词: Tito; Titoism; Reassessment

Much of the recent work on the collapse of Yugoslavia focuses on structural, factors - such as its ethnic structure, international relations, economic and cultural policy, or ideology. My own book (Jugoslavija - drzava koja je odumria, 2003) promotes multi-factored analysis of the reasons for this collapse - which includes both ideology and the role of personalities. I would now like to take a step further by looking at the role that Josip Broz Tito, the central political personality of the 1945-1980 periods played in keeping Yugoslavia together. I would also like to offer a reassessment of ¦ Tito's policy and ideology in light of new developments in Yugoslav and post-Yugoslav history and politics. The project examines the role of the Tito factor' (including the 'factor of Titoism' as a political doctrine) in both securing stability of Yugoslavia in the period of 1945 -1980, and - in the post-Tito period - failing to preserve its unity. The research will have following specific objectives: 1. To assess the importance of Tito's personality and his policies for the development and preservation of the Yugoslav state from 1945-1980; 2. To assess the post-Titoist decade (1980 - 1990) in light of the various attempts to continue or discontinue Tito's political legacy and his political will; 3. To examine the relationship between the Titoist legacy and the actual collapse of Yugoslavia in 1989-1992; 4. To analyse official and unofficial representations of Tito and Tito's Yugoslavia in the aftermath of the collapse including official memories (or the lack of them), and any eventual link between the political programs of new post Yugoslav elites and Titoist legacy; L 5. To offer a reassessment of Tito's legacy from a distance of 25 years since his death; 6. To enhance our understanding of authoritarian regimes (especially those which developed in Eastern Europe in the Cold--War), and of the role of the leading personalities in these regimes; 7. To contribute to studies of transition from authoritarian regimes. In pursuing these main objectives, the following specific questions will be addressed: 1. What were the origins of Tito's interpretation of Marxism - and of his political ideology of socialist self-management? 2. What issues have not yet been properly addressed - related to his accession to power, exercising power, and/or ruling of the country? 3. How important was Tito for the unity of Yugoslavia - and, consequently, his death for disintegrative processes in Yugoslavia? 4. What mechanisms did he use to further his political and ideological objectives? 5. How important was his ethnic background for the policies on the national question he developed for Yugoslavia? 6. To what extent was he an autocrat - and was he always in position to impose his will to other relevant political participants? 7. How important for his role domestically was Tito's position in the international arena? 8. How was the official representation of Tito conceived and was it successful? 9. To what extent did the new rulers of post-Yugoslav states model themselves as 'new Titos' - or as 'anti-Titos'? 10. Have any of Tito's ideological and political successes been sustained - and if so, which? 11. What is the source and explanation of the recent revival of positive images of Tito and Titoism? 12. How will he and his time be viewed historically?

最近关于南斯拉夫崩溃的大部分研究都集中在结构性因素上，例如其民族结构、国际关系、经济和文化政策或意识形态。我自己的书（Jugoslavija - drzava koja je odumria，2003）提倡对这种崩溃的原因进行多因素分析，其中包括意识形态和个人的作用。现在，我想更进一步探讨 1945 年至 1980 年间的核心政治人物约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托 (Josip Broz Tito) 在维持南斯拉夫团结方面所发挥的作用。我还想根据南斯拉夫和后南斯拉夫历史和政治的新发展，对铁托的政策和意识形态进行重新评估。该项目探讨了“铁托因素”（包括作为政治学说的“铁托主义因素”）在确保 1945 年至 1980 年期间南斯拉夫稳定以及在后铁托时期未能维护南斯拉夫统一方面的作用。研究将有以下具体目标： 1. 评估铁托的个性及其政策对于1945年至1980年南斯拉夫国家的发展和保存的重要性； 2. 根据延续或终止铁托政治遗产及其政治意愿的各种尝试，评估后铁托主义十年（1980年至1990年）； 3. 考察1989-1992年铁托主义遗产与南斯拉夫实际崩溃之间的关系； 4. 分析铁托和铁托领导下的南斯拉夫在崩溃后的官方和非官方表述，包括官方记忆（或缺乏官方记忆），以及后南斯拉夫新精英的政治纲领与铁托主义遗产之间的最终联系； L 5. 对铁托去世 25 年后的遗产进行重新评估； 6. 增进我们对独裁政权（特别是冷战时期东欧发展起来的独裁政权）以及这些政权中领导人的作用的理解； 7. 为独裁政权转型的研究做出贡献。在追求这些主要目标的过程中，将解决以下具体问题： 1. 铁托对马克思主义及其社会主义自我管理政治意识形态的解释的起源是什么？ 2. 与他的上台、行使权力和/或统治国家有关的哪些问题尚未得到妥善解决？ 3. 铁托对于南斯拉夫的统一以及他的死对于南斯拉夫的分裂进程有多重要？ 4. 他使用什么机制来推进他的政治和意识形态目标？ 5. 他的种族背景对于他为南斯拉夫制定的民族问题政策有多重要？ 6. 他在多大程度上是一个独裁者？他是否总是能够将自己的意志强加给其他相关政治参与者？ 7. 铁托在国际舞台上的地位对其在国内的作用有多重要？ 8. 铁托的官方代表是如何构思的？它是否成功？ 9. 后南斯拉夫国家的新统治者在多大程度上将自己塑造为“新铁托”——或者“反铁托”？ 10. 铁托在意识形态和政治上取得的任何成功是否得到了延续——如果是的话，是哪些？ 11.最近铁托和铁托主义正面形象的复兴的根源和解释是什么？ 12. 历史上将如何看待他和他的时代？