Armed Conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq (2001-2005) and Legal Constraints: Continuity and Change in International Humanitarian Law

阿富汗和伊拉克的武装冲突（2001-2005）和法律约束：国际人道法的连续性和变化

• 批准号: AH/E506097/1
• 负责人: Yutaka Arai
• 金额: $ 2.27万
• 依托单位: University of Kent
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE506097%2F1
• 关键词: Armed; Conflicts; Afghanistan; Iraq; 2001

International humanitarian law (IHL) regulates the conduct of warfare, including the treatment of civilians and prisoners of war (PoW). As with other branches of international law, it is based on treaties and "customary law", the latter having evolved and developed over time on the basis of both the practice and the sense of legal obligation of States. The conflicts in Afghanistan (since 200I) and Iraq (since 2003) have raised a number of serious issues around IHL. It is crucial to establish the customary rules that can be applied to situations of armed conflicts and occupation in these countries in order to understand the effectiveness of IHL in guaranteeing the rights of victims of war.This book project is intended to be the first attempt to provide a coherent theoretical analysis of the customary rules applicable to international and internal armed conflicts in relation to the situations of armed conflicts and occupation in Afghanistan and Iraq. It seeks to answer two important, overall questions: how should customary rules be identified, and how can we account for the methods by which they were identified? A number of specific key issues will be covered within this analysis, including the status and the treatment of captured members of "irregular" forces, such as the Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the Fedayeen fighters in occupied Iraq, who do not qualify for prisoners of war (PoW) status under the Third Geneva Convention (Prisoners of War Convention) of I 949; the applicability of the rules protecting civilians under the Fourth Geneva Convention (Civilian Convention) of 1949 to members of such "irregular>forces; and the extent to which victims of violations of IHL can claim redress.The outcome of this theoretical project will be essential for a better understanding of the framework of modern IHL in the post­ September II world order in the 21" Century. It is hoped that this monograph will enhance the effective guarantees for all victims of war during the armed conflicts and occupation.

国际人道法 (IHL) 规范战争行为，包括平民和战俘 (PoW) 的待遇。与国际法的其他分支一样，它以条约和“习惯法”为基础，后者在各国的实践和法律义务意识的基础上随着时间的推移而演变和发展。阿富汗（自 200 年以来）和伊拉克（自 2003 年以来）的冲突引发了许多与国际人道法相关的严重问题。为了了解国际人道法在保障战争受害者权利方面的有效性，制定可适用于这些国家的武装冲突和占领局势的习惯规则至关重要。本书项目旨在首次尝试对适用于阿富汗和伊拉克武装冲突和占领局势的国际和国内武装冲突的习惯规则进行连贯的理论分析。它试图回答两个重要的总体问题：应该如何识别习惯规则，以及我们如何解释识别它们的方法？本分析将涵盖一些具体的关键问题，包括被俘的“非正规”部队成员的地位和待遇，例如阿富汗的基地组织和被占领的伊拉克的敢死队战士，这些人不符合 I 949 日内瓦第三公约（战俘公约）规定的战俘 (PoW) 地位； 1949 年《日内瓦第四公约》（《平民公约》）中保护平民的规则对此类“非正规”部队成员的适用性；以及违反国际人道法行为的受害者可以要求赔偿的程度。这一理论项目的成果对于更好地理解 9 月 2 日后的 21 世纪世界秩序中的现代国际人道法框架至关重要。希望这本专着能够加强对武装冲突和占领期间所有战争受害者的有效保障。