Space and Place in Translation: Postcolonial Geographies in the work of Wilson Harris and Maryse Condé

这个为期七个月的计划检视两位杰出的加勒比海小说家威尔逊·哈里斯（Wilson Harris）与玛丽丝·康德（Maryse condaise）在作品中将空间与地点理论化的特殊方式，并探讨这与他们对语言的特殊使用有何关系，包括英语/法语与克里奥尔语之间的翻译。圭亚那作家威尔逊·哈里斯（Wilson Harris）近半个世纪以来一直在出版富有远见和诗意的小说。他的作品将加勒比海视为欧洲、非洲和亚洲文化形式与在殖民主义期间几乎被根除的古老美国文化的交汇处。Maryse condaise来自瓜德罗普岛，在她的作品中，她反映了非洲-加勒比移民在身份和地位方面经常遭受的创伤和未解决的交叉，因此她的作品的背景是在非洲、加勒比、欧洲和北美之间的路线上反复追溯。该项目汇集了来自后殖民研究跨学科领域三个不同分支的见解和方法：文学理论、翻译研究和人文地理学。对殖民主义遗产的广泛批判是后殖民研究的基础，它在文学理论中表现为对作家在试图表达当代关系和身份的复杂组合方面的创新的高度认识。这种创新采用了一系列叙事风格的形式，这些风格不被划分为魔幻现实主义或寓言等类别，有时令人眼花缭乱地穿越时空，以及一系列相互作用的语言形式。后殖民翻译研究侧重于后一种现象，认为在殖民和后独立时代，语言的主导和边缘化存在政治因素，并认识到，如果研究人员密切关注现代生活中发生的从一种语言到另一种语言的频繁翻译的具体情况，将揭示一系列关于意义的斗争。后殖民地理学带来了一系列关于空间关系的理论，以及关注地方意义和身份的斗争的传统，作为进一步理解哈里斯和康德等作家颠覆传统空间和地点理解的方式的一种手段。因此，这个项目扩展洞察空间理论和非裔美国人文学之间的联系，通过特别关注加勒比海写作作为空间理论的一个网站。这个项目旨在展示两件事：首先，通过关注他们作品中语言、空间和地点之间的关系，可以更好地理解哈里斯和康德斯作品中关于后殖民意义和身份的斗争；其次，这些加勒比小说可以作为空间理论创新发生的文化背景来认真对待。在方法上，该项目是对六部小说的深入探索：孔雀宫（1960），琼斯镇（1996）和记忆的幽灵（2006），由威尔逊·哈里斯；《新世界殖民地》（1993年），以及玛丽丝·康戴尔著的《塞勒姆黑社会》（1986年）。本项目分为四个阶段：简要的文献回顾，重点关注加勒比文学理论，特别是哈里斯和康德的文学理论；加勒比翻译研究；以及后殖民地理。2. 2 .初步的语言分析，将每部小说中使用的语言形式进行分类，特别是不同形式的英语/法语和克里奥尔语的翻译和相互作用。初步的话语分析，将空间/地点的描述方式编目，以及这与小说语言使用之间的相互关系。理论化，写作和传播，这将汇集语言和话语分析有关的空间理论。这项工作将在两次会议和两篇期刊文章中发表。

This seven-month project examines the particular ways in which two prominent Caribbean novelists - Wilson Harris and Maryse Condé - theorise space and place in their work, and asks how this relates to their particular use of language, including translations between English/French and creole. The Guyanese writer, Wilson Harris, has been publishing visionary and poetic novels for almost half a century. His work meditates on the Caribbean as a meeting place between European, African and Asian cultural forms and the ancient American cultures that they all but eradicated during colonialism. Maryse Condé is from Guadeloupe, and in her work she reflects on the often traumatic and unresolved cross-cuttings of identity and place in the African-Caribbean diaspora, so the settings for her work trace and re-trace routes between Africa, the Caribbean, Europe and North America.The project draws together insights and methodologies from three different branches of the interdisciplinary field of postcolonial studies: literary theory, translation studies and human geography. The extended critique of the legacy of colonialism that is the basis for postcolonial studies comes through in literary theory as a heightened awareness of writers' innovation in trying to express the complex mix of contemporary relationships and identities. This innovation takes the form of a range of narrative styles that defy classification into categories such as magical realism or allegory, moving sometimes dizzily through time and space, as well as a range of language forms operating alongside each other. Postcolonial translation studies focuses on this latter phenomenon, arguing that there is a politics to the dominance and marginalisation of languages in the colonial and post-independence eras, and recognising that if the researcher focuses closely on the specifics of the frequent translations from one language to another that occur in modern life, a range of struggles over meaning will be revealed. Postcolonial geography brings in a range of theories about spatial relationships, as well as a tradition of focusing on struggles over the meaning and identity of places, as a means of further understanding the ways in which writers like Harris and Condé subvert conventional understandings of space and place. This project therefore extends insights into connections between spatial theory and African-American literature, by looking specifically at Caribbean writing as a site for spatial theory.This project aims to show two things then: firstly that the struggles over postcolonial meaning and identity in Harris and Condé's work can be better understood by focusing on the relationships between language, space and place in their work; and secondly that these Caribbean novels can be taken seriously as cultural contexts in which innovations in spatial theory take place. Methodologically, the project is an in-depth exploration of six novels: Palace of the Peacock (1960), Jonestown (1996), and The Ghost of Memory (2006), by Wilson Harris; and Hérémakhonon (1976), La Colonie du Nouveau Monde (1993), and Moi, Tituba, Sorcière Noire de Salem (1986), by Maryse Condé. The project has four stages:1. Brief literature review, focusing on Caribbean literary theory, in particular around Harris and Condé; Caribbean translation studies; and postcolonial geographies. 2. Preliminary linguistic analysis, which will catalogue the range of language forms used in each of the novels, in particular the translations and interactions between different forms of English/French and creoles.3. Preliminary discursive analysis, which will catalogue the ways in which space/place are described, and the inter-relationships between this and the novels' language use.4. Theorisation, writing and dissemination, which will bring together the linguistic and discursive analysis in relation to spatial theory. The work will be presented at two conferences and in two journal articles.