CEREBELLAR NUCLEI IN EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。我们使用眼球运动来研究小脑在运动中的作用。小脑使我们做出的每一个动作都尽可能快速、准确和一致。小脑损伤导致包括眼球运动在内的运动缓慢、不准确和多变。它还取消了调整或适应运动指令的能力，包括眼动指令。这种适应被称为运动学习。当由于生长、衰老、创伤或疾病而导致动作不准确时，我们的生活中经常会出现这样的情况，即保持我们的动作准确。我们做了四种类型的实验。1)当猴子进行眼动时，我们记录了小脑中与眼动相关的部分神经元的活动。2)我们通过向小脑注射药物来暂时麻醉与眼动相关的小脑部分，然后测量眼动异常。3)当我们让眼球运动看起来不准确时，我们就会测量眼球运动的适应性。我们通过移动猴子快速眼球运动的目标来实现这一点，这称为扫视。当眼球运动结束时，它似乎已经超出了目标。如果一只猴子像这样跟踪大约1000个目标运动，它的扫视就会变得明显变小。4)我们使用解剖示踪器来确定哪些大脑区域向小脑的眼动部分发送信号，哪些区域接收小脑产生的眼动信号。这四种类型的研究结果加在一起，让我们对小脑的功能和方式有了越来越清晰的了解。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We use eye movements to study the cerebellum's role in movements. The cerebellum makes every movement we make as fast, accurate, and consistent as possible. Cerebellar damage leaves movements, including eye movements, slow, inaccurate and variable. It also abolishes the ability to adjust, or adapt, motor commands, including those for eye movements. This kind of adaptation is called motor learning. It occurs constantly in our lives to keep our movement accurate when movements become inaccurate because of growth, aging, trauma, or disease. We do four types of experiments. 1) We record the activity of neurons in an eye movement-related part of the cerebellum as monkeys make eye movements. 2) We measure eye movement abnormalities after we temporarily anesthetize an eye movement-related part of the cerebellum by injecting drugs into it. 3) We measure adaptation of eye movements when we make them seem to be inaccurate. We do this by moving the target toward which a monkey is making a rapid eye movement, called a saccade. When the eye movement ends it seems to have overshot the target. If a monkey tracks about 1000 target movements like this its saccades become significantly smaller. 4) We use anatomical tracers to determine which brain areas send signals to the eye-movement part of the cerebellum and which areas receive the eye-movement signals that the cerebellum creates. Together the results of these 4 types of studies are giving us an increasingly clear picture of what the cerebellum does and how it does it.