Sport in modern Europe: creating a comparative history, c. 1880-1990

现代欧洲的体育：创造比较历史，c。

• 批准号: AH/F019971/1
• 负责人: Christopher Young
• 金额: $ 3.18万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF019971%2F1
• 关键词: Sport; modern; Europe; creating; comparative

Is it possible to speak of a 'European model' of sport in the way we can of a British or American one? Is there a distinctive cluster of activities, practices and values we can call 'European' or is Europe just too diverse to have a common sporting culture? There are good histories of the economy, society and politics of Europe but far less on cultural aspects such as sport or popular music. There is, for example, no authoritative general history of sport in Europe in any language. Yet sport is arguably the most important shared form of popular culture across Europe. Our research network will address this striking gap in the cultural and political history of Europe.Surprisingly, even the bare bones of the remarkable story of European sport remain largely untold. There is a growing body of serious historical research on sport, but it remains firmly fixed within national frameworks. The common themes as well as the different research agendas of Scandinavian, French, German and Italian sport scholarship, for example, are not apparent. There is a critical mass of research but it has not yet been reviewed, evaluated and advanced. Histories of sport in Europe are largely histories of a particular sport in a local, regional or national context. The study of European sport is further split in two ways: (a) in terms of approach and method; this division has been largely between history and social science, notably sociology and cultural studies; (b) from the institutional perspective between those working in specialised departments of sport and physical education and those outside 'sports studies'. The network will create a forum for exchanges between different nations, different disciplinary perspectives and traditions and different institutional affiliations. The organisers have identified leading subject and area specialists covering most of Europe (including Russia) from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, and aim to explore this topic and disseminate their discussions widely in electronic and conventional published forms. A core group of network members will meet regularly to steer the activities of the network throughout its three phases, and to facilitate the symposia that provide the culmination of each phase. The focus of the first phase will be to establish the broad traditions of interpretation and historiography which form the basis for the current state of knowledge. This will include considering the category of 'Europe' itself, in historical, geographical, political and economic terms, and establishing its distinctiveness with reference to the British, American and other models of sport.In its second phase, the network will consider how, from its roots in Britain, organised sport spread rapidly across Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The cultural transmission of British sport was subject to both supplementation (e.g. cycle racing, volleyball, handball) and to appropriation by the nation-states of Europe, especially in the interwar period where there was a conjuncture between the democratising of sport and the emergence of totalitarian ideologies and regimes of left and right. This second phase, and its accompanying symposium, will illuminate these patterns of diffusion and ideology in European sport, with special reference to the use of sport by Fascist regimes. The third phase examines post-war European sport in terms of the political division of Europe, the rising affluence and patterns of leisure consumption in Western Europe, the influence of European integration of sport, and the impact of global media and commercialization. In these contexts, it will explore the tension between the preservation of distinctive national cultures and pressures for convergence.In these three phases, the network will establish the foundations for the writing of a comprehensive study of sport in Europe.

我们是否可以用英国或美国的方式来谈论“欧洲模式”的体育？是否有一组独特的活动、实践和价值观，我们可以称之为“欧洲”，或者欧洲只是太多样化了，没有一个共同的体育文化？欧洲的经济、社会和政治历史都有很好的记载，但在体育或流行音乐等文化方面的记载却少得多。例如，在欧洲没有任何语言的权威的体育通史。然而，体育可以说是整个欧洲最重要的流行文化共享形式。我们的研究网络将解决这一惊人的差距在欧洲的文化和政治历史。令人惊讶的是，即使是欧洲体育辉煌故事的骨架，在很大程度上也仍未为人所知。关于体育的严肃历史研究越来越多，但它仍然牢牢地固定在国家框架内。例如，斯堪的纳维亚、法国、德国和意大利体育奖学金的共同主题以及不同的研究议程并不明显。有大量的研究，但尚未得到审查、评价和推进。欧洲的体育史在很大程度上是一项特定运动在当地、地区或国家背景下的历史。对欧洲体育的研究进一步分为两个方面：(a)在方法和方法方面；这种划分主要在历史和社会科学之间，特别是社会学和文化研究；(b)从院校的角度来看，在体育运动专业部门工作的人与在“体育研究”以外工作的人之间的关系。该网络将为不同国家、不同学科观点和传统以及不同机构隶属关系之间的交流创造一个论坛。组织者已经从一系列学科背景中确定了涵盖大部分欧洲（包括俄罗斯）的领先学科和领域专家，旨在探索这一主题，并以电子和传统出版形式广泛传播他们的讨论。一个由网络成员组成的核心小组将定期开会，指导网络在三个阶段的活动，并促进提供每个阶段高潮的专题讨论会。第一阶段的重点将是建立广泛的解释和史学传统，这些传统构成了当前知识状况的基础。这将包括从历史、地理、政治和经济的角度考虑“欧洲”本身的类别，并参照英国、美国和其他体育模式确立其独特性。在第二阶段，该网络将考虑19世纪末和20世纪初，有组织的体育运动是如何从其根源英国迅速传播到欧洲的。英国体育的文化传播既受到补充（如自行车赛、排球、手球）的影响，也受到欧洲民族国家的挪用，特别是在两次世界大战之间的时期，体育的民主化与极权主义意识形态和左翼和右翼政权的出现之间存在着联系。第二阶段及其附带的专题讨论会将阐明欧洲体育运动的传播模式和意识形态，并特别提到法西斯政权对体育运动的利用。第三阶段从欧洲的政治分裂、西欧日益增长的财富和休闲消费模式、欧洲体育一体化的影响以及全球媒体和商业化的影响等方面考察战后欧洲体育。在这些背景下，它将探讨保护独特的民族文化和趋同的压力之间的紧张关系。在这三个阶段，该网络将为撰写欧洲体育综合研究奠定基础。