Skin Cancer and Arsenic Exposure

皮肤癌和砷暴露

• 批准号: 7456302
• 负责人: LESLIE K DENNIS
• 金额: $ 31.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7456302
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Appendix; Area; Arsenic; Be++ element; Beryllium; Biological Markers; Blood; Cancer Control; Case-Control Studies; Censuses; Childhood; Cognitive; Colorectal; Complex; Computer Assisted; Computer software; Control Groups; Country; Cutaneous Melanoma; Data; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Disease; Elements; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Family history of; Gold; Incidence; Individual; Instruction; Interview; Interviewer; Invasive; Iowa; Knowledge; Length; Lesion; Letters; Life; Mails; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Melanocytic nevus; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Nail plate; Natural graphite; Neutron Activation Analysis; Nevus; Newly Diagnosed; Occupational; Occupations; Odds Ratio; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Photosensitivity; Play; Population; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; SEER Program; Sampling; Skin Cancer; Skin Carcinoma; Skin tanning; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Standards of Weights and Measures; Structure of nail of toe; Sun Exposure; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys; Techniques; Telephone Interviews; Testing; Trace Elements; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Urine; Water; Week; Work; absorption; base; cancer risk; case control; college; cost efficient; drinking water; environmental agent; knowledge base; melanoma; national surveillance; neoplasm registry; residence; sample collection; trend; ultraviolet

DESCRIPTION: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is increasing faster than any other cancer in the United States. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major environmental etiologic risk factor implicated in the development of CM. However, other environmental agents may also be important. Prior studies have reported associations between arsenic and non-melanoma skin cancers. Our recent study of CM cases and arsenic found an adjusted odds ratio of 2.1 for the highest quartile of arsenic in toenail samples (trend p-value=0.001). We propose to verify these findings through a stronger study design. We will conduct a population-based case-control study of incident CM cases and arsenic content detected in toenail samples. To eliminate biases of our earlier study, we will a) use newly diagnosed cases rather than prevalent cases, b) use toenails collected within 1-9 months of diagnosis, c) use a non-cancer control group, and d) use neutron activation analysis (NAA), considered the gold standard in trace element analyses. CM cases in Iowa residents will be semi-rapid reported through the Iowa Cancer Registry. Population-based controls will be identified using the Iowa Voter Registration file, which is comparable to the Iowa Census data. We will mail subjects an introductory letter, instructions for the toenail sample collection and small baggie. We will then conduct the survey using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) software in order to collect complex data related to residential histories (water source, sun exposure, and occupations). This format will allow interviewers to collect a residential history and probe for additional information about potential exposures at each residence. We will focus on arsenic detected by NAA in toenail samples from cases and controls. Additionally, we will assess known risk factors for CM in this population (including natural and artificial UV exposure, residential and occupational histories, sun sensitivity factors, family history of skin cancer, and sunscreen use). We will also correlate available data on arsenic levels in current drinking water to arsenic in subjects' toenails. Recording residential histories and relating them to current and historical water sources will allow us to examine the length of the potential arsenic exposure, since drinking water is believed to be the main source of arsenic exposure and may provide evidence of long term exposure. Collecting biomarkers of arsenic exposure along with surveying subjects about known UV factors and their sun sensitivity will allow for the examination of important interactions and potential confounding of the association between arsenic and CM. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Melanoma is a public health concern since the incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer in the United States. While ultraviolet radiation is a widely accepted risk factor for this disease, understanding the possible role arsenic exposure may play in the development of melanoma will allow for a more developed base of knowledge regarding the etiology of melanoma. This knowledge will in turn help identify a group of high risk individuals for public health messages to target.

描述：在美国，皮肤黑色素瘤(CM)的发病率比任何其他癌症增长得都快。紫外线(UV)辐射是CM发生发展的主要环境致病危险因素。然而，其他环境因素也可能是重要的。先前的研究已经报道了砷和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌之间的联系。我们最近对CM病例和砷的研究发现，脚趾甲样本中砷含量最高的四分位的调整后优势比为2.1%(趋势p值=0.001)。我们建议通过更强有力的研究设计来验证这些发现。我们会进行一项以人群为本的病例对照研究，以发现手足甲样本中的砷含量及发现的CM个案。为了消除我们早期研究的偏差，我们将a)使用新诊断的病例而不是流行的病例，b)使用在诊断后1-9个月内收集的脚趾甲，c)使用非癌症对照组，以及d)使用被视为微量元素分析的金标准的中子活化分析(NAA)。爱荷华州居民的CM病例将通过爱荷华州癌症登记中心半快速报告。将使用爱荷华州选民登记文件确定基于人口的控制措施，该文件与爱荷华州人口普查数据相当。我们将寄给受试者一封介绍信，脚趾甲样本采集说明和小袋子。然后，我们将使用计算机辅助电话访问(CATI)软件进行调查，以收集与居住历史(水源、日照和职业)相关的复杂数据。这一格式将允许面试者收集住宅历史，并调查有关每个住宅潜在暴露的额外信息。我们将重点关注NAA在病例和对照的脚趾甲样本中检测到的砷。此外，我们将评估这一人群中CM的已知危险因素(包括自然和人工紫外线暴露、居住和职业史、日光敏感因素、皮肤癌家族史和防晒霜的使用)。我们还将把目前饮用水中砷水平的现有数据与受试者脚趾甲中的砷联系起来。记录住宅史并将其与当前和历史的水源相关联，将使我们能够检查潜在砷暴露的持续时间，因为饮用水被认为是砷暴露的主要来源，并可能提供长期暴露的证据。收集砷暴露的生物标志物，以及调查受试者有关已知紫外线因素及其太阳敏感度的情况，将允许检查重要的相互作用和砷与CM之间关联的潜在混淆。公共卫生相关性：黑色素瘤是一个公共卫生问题，因为它的发病率比美国任何其他癌症增长得都快。虽然紫外线辐射是一种被广泛接受的黑色素瘤危险因素，但了解砷暴露在黑色素瘤发生中可能发挥的作用将使人们对黑色素瘤的病因有更深入的了解。这一知识反过来将有助于确定一组公共卫生信息要针对的高危个人。