Demographic Responses to Community and Family Context

这个项目研究了家庭和社区环境如何相互作用，以塑造死亡率，婚姻， 生殖在研究家庭环境的影响时，它超越了家庭特征的影响。 父母和其他近亲应注重生活在其他家庭甚至社区的亲属的作用。 在研究社区背景的影响时，它超越了对地理和环境的考虑， 经济特色，注重社区社会组织。受最近发展的启发， 关于社区的社会学文献，它评估了居民是否也 由亲属关系联结在一起的群体具有更高水平的集体效能感和更好的公共供给 这些商品带来了更有利的人口统计结果。为了检验关于 家庭的变化和变异，研究还探讨了观察到的家庭和社区的模式， 背景效应因社会、经济和环境的长期变化和地理变化而异， 政治背景。 这项研究使用了有史以来最大，最长，最详细的面板数据集之一 从1650年起居住在中国东北的30万人 到现在已经有十七代人了该项目将现有的130万个核心数据 个人层面的观察，从历史户籍，从家谱记录，和 对这些人的回顾性调查，他们的祖先在这个地区定居， 17世纪和他们的20世纪世纪的后代，以产生一个单一的，矩形文件， 分析.社区、地区和省一级的信息补充了这些数据， 社会、经济和政治条件。衡量家庭和社区环境的影响 在人口和社会结果方面应用事件历史技术。固定效应模型和随机效应模型是 用于解释不同层次的个人之间的相关性，包括住宅家庭， 血统群体、社区和地区。

This project examines how family and community context interact to shape mortality, marriage, and reproduction. In examining the influence of family context, it moves beyond effects of characteristics of parents and other close relatives to focus on the role of kin living in other households and even communities. In examining the influence of community context, it moves beyond consideration of geographic and economic characteristics to focus on community social organization. Inspired by recent developments in the sociological literature on neighborhoods, it assesses whether or not communities where residents were also bound together by kinships ties had more higher levels of collective efficacy and better provision of public goods that resulted in more favorable demographic outcomes. To test theories about the determinants of family change and variation, the research also examines how observed patterns of family and community contextual effects vary in response to secular changes and geographic variation in social, economic, and political context. The research makes use of one of the largest, longest, and most detailed panel data sets ever compiled for an historical and contemporary population - 300,000 individuals who lived in northeast China from 1650 to the present over as many as seventeen generations. The project links existing core data from 1.3million individual-level observations from historical household registers, to records from family genealogies, and retrospective surveys of these same individuals,their foundingancestors who settled the area in the seventeenth century, and their twentieth-century descendants, to produce a single, rectangular file for analysis. These data are supplemented with information at the community, regional, and provincial level on social, economic, and political conditions. Measurements of the influence of family and communitycontext on demographic and social outcomes apply event-history techniques. Fixed- and random-effectmodels are used to account for correlations among individuals at different levels, including theResidential household, descent group, community, and region.