An Integrated Approach to Stabilising HFN in Wheat: Screens Genes & Understanding

稳定小麦中 HFN 的综合方法：筛选基因

• 批准号: BB/D00733X/1
• 负责人: John Snape
• 金额: $ 28.85万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FD00733X%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; Approach; Stabilising; HFN; Wheat

The aim of this project is to improve stability of the Hagberg Falling Number (HFN), a major quality trait in wheat. HFN is currently sensitive to a number of environmental conditions that reduce the quality of grain and make it unsuitable for bread-making, resulting in severe financial losses to farmers: last year (2004) only 27% of the UK wheat crop grown for bread-making was of acceptable quality, with an estimated loss to farmers of £100 per acre of wheat grown. UK cultivars vary in their susceptibility to low HFN, partly due to the difficulty of applying conventional phenotypic screens to large populations of breeding selections, but some (eg. Option, Malacca) evidently carry adequate genetic resistance. Recommended List scores for HFN rely on the occurrence of appropriate weather conditions to trigger latent susceptibility or overhead irrigation to provoke pre-harvest sprouting (McVittie J & Draper S (1982) or irrigation of standing plots of winter wheat in order to assess varietal predisposition to pre-harvest sprouting. J. Natn. Inst. Bot. 16: 45-48). A key aim of this project is to furnish new tools and biological insights to enable breeders to identify new lines with stable HFN from the available pool of elite UK germplasm. The fact that existing resistant cultivars do not manifest problems with emergence in field sowings indicates that this aim is compatible with prompt stand establishment. Previous research by the applicants has shown that the two most important causes of high alpha-amylase levels in UK grain are pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and pre-maturity alpha-amylase (PMA). PHS is the result of premature germination of grain in the ear, promoted in susceptible varieties by wet weather in the period between maturity and harvest. The consequent secretion of alpha-amylases into the starchy endosperm results in the deterioration in grain quality that is measured by the HFN test. PMA is less well defined, but is believed to result from inappropriate production of alpha-amylases by the aleurone layer in the crease region of the endosperm, late in grain development. Within the BBSRC financed objectives of this LINK project we intend to study the biochemical and molecular events in the wheat grain that are responsible for reduction of HFN during both PHS and PMA. Molecular genetic information from model species will be used to provide 'candidate genes' associated with germination potential/ endosperm development. These will be used for testing of function during seed development in relation to PHS/PMA. The characterisation of expression characteristics and genetic variation of candidate genes in existing germplasm, and the development of 'smart screens' and validated genetic markers will provide UK wheat breeders with resources to create improved varieties with more stable HFN. This project will address several components of the BBSRC strategic plan objectives for integrative biology and sustainable agriculture, including 'functional and comparative genomics', 'integrative biology-plant', 'transcriptomics', 'whole organism biology' and 'sustainable agriculture'. It will aim to provide a 'pipeline' for the delivery of information gained from studies in model species to tools for use to enhance breeding germplasm, a key recommendation of the recent BBSRC Crop Science Review.

该项目的目的是提高Hagberg下降数字（HFN）的稳定性，这是小麦的主要质量特征。 HFN目前对降低谷物质量的许多环境条件敏感，使其不适合面包制造，从而对农民造成严重的经济损失：去年（2004年），英国麦小麦生长的面包质量中只有27％的质量可接受，估计对农民的农民损失了每英亩的小麦种植面包。英国品种对低HFN的敏感性有所不同，部分原因是将常规表型筛选施加到大量繁殖选择中，但有些（例如，马六甲）显然具有适当的遗传性。 HFN的建议列表得分依赖于适当的天气条件的出现来触发潜在的敏感性或架空灌溉来激发收获前的发芽（McVittie J＆Draper S（1982）或灌溉冬小麦的站立地块，以评估Harvest prectistal prectistal prectistal prectistal prectiption prectipportion precting precting prectip precting。该项目的关键目的是提供新的工具和生物学见解，以使育种者能够从可用的英国精英种质池中识别出具有稳定的HFN的新产品线。现有的抗性品种在田间播种中没有出现出现问题，这一事实表明，这种目标与迅速的立场建立兼容。申请人先前的研究表明，英国谷物中高α-淀粉酶水平的两个最重要的原因是收获前发芽（pHS）和成熟前α-淀粉酶（PMA）。 pHS是耳朵中谷物过早发芽的结果，在成熟度和收获之间的潮湿天气易感变化中促进了pHS。随之而来的α-淀粉酶在淀粉状胚乳中的分泌导致通过HFN检测测量的晶粒质量恶化。 PMA的定义不太明确，但据信是由于在粒子发育后期，ale液层在圆锥体区域中α-淀粉酶的产生不当。在此链接项目的BBSRC细小物体中，我们打算研究小麦晶粒中的生化和分子事件，这些事件负责在PHS和PMA期间降低HFN。来自模型物种的分子遗传信息将用于提供与发芽势/胚乳发育相关的“候选基因”。这些将用于与pHS/PMA有关的种子发育过程中的功能测试。现有种质中候选基因的表达特征和遗传变异的表征，以及“智能筛查”和经过验证的遗传标记的发展，将为英国小麦diverders提供资源，以创造更稳定的HFN的改善变化。该项目将针对综合生物学和可持续农业的BBSRC战略计划目标的几个组成部分，包括“功能和比较基因组学”，“综合生物学植物”，“转录组学”，“全体生物学”和“全体生物学”和“可持续农业”。它的目的是提供一条“管道”，以提供从模型物种中获得的信息提供的信息，以增强育种的工具，这是最近BBSRC作物科学评论的关键建议。