New Technologies for the Remediation

“卤代有机物”项目提出了三个研究领域，每个研究领域都与处理受污染的土壤蒸气和地下水的中心主题有关，重点是销毁目标污染物，而不是捕获和处置。我们将主要集中于销毁四氯乙烯(PCE)和三氯乙烯(TCE)的方法，这是我们实验室广泛研究的主题，并在附近的Park-Euclid State Superfund现场占据VOC污染物清单的主导地位，我们在过去四年一直在那里工作。这项工作的动机是与氯化溶剂的销毁或最终处置有关的困难，这些氯化溶剂传统上是通过泵送和处理或土壤蒸气提取(SVE)从受污染的地点回收的。 方法本身只是将污染物从一种介质转移到另一种介质。例如，当活性碳吸收装置装载了四氯乙烯时，废碳本身就成为一种危险废物，必须这样处理。随后的高温焚烧碳可能会产生更多的有毒污染物，如二恶英和呋喃，这些污染物释放到大气中可能会构成更大的健康风险。考虑到这一点，这三个研究领域主要集中在利用催化热化学或电化学技术对气态或水相氯化有机物进行化学还原或氧化：1)催化对气相VOCs的热化学破坏，2)利用先进的水相和新型三相电化学反应器进行电解，以及3)用于气相污染物的燃料电池。 每个研究区域都将产生毒性未知但希望较低的流出物。在所有情况下，我们都打算捕获流出物，即使通过化学分析(GC/ECD、FID或MS)看起来是干净的，并在危险识别核心的生物响应部对其进行毒理学分析。由于所有试行规模的工作将继续在Park-Euclid现场进行，因此与研究翻译核心有很强的和普遍的联系。 这项工作是对1997年国家科学院蓝丝带小组的呼吁的回应，该小组呼吁开发新的破坏性处理技术，以帮助清理国家长长的超级基金地点名单。

The "Halogenated Organics" project is proposing three Study Areas, each of which is related to the central theme of treating contaminated soil vapor and ground water with an emphasis on destruction of the target pollutant, rather than capture and disposal. We will focus mainly, although not exclusively, on methods for the destruction of perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which have been the subject of extensive study in our laboratories, and which dominate the list of VOC contaminants at the nearby Park-Euclid State Superfund site, where we have worked for the past four years. This work is motivated by difficulties associated with destruction or final disposal of chlorinated solvents that are traditionally recovered from contaminated sites via pump-and-treat or soil-vapor-extraction (SVE) methods, which, in themselves, merely transfer contaminants from one medium to another. For example, when activated carbon absorption units become loaded with PCE the spent carbon itself becomes a hazardous waste and must be handled as such. Subsequent high-temperature incineration of the carbon may produce much more toxic contaminants such as dioxins and furans whose release to the atmosphere might pose an even greater health risk. With this in mind, the three Study Areas focus on chemically reducing or oxidizing gaseous or aqueous chlorinated organics using catalytic thermochemical or electrochemical techniques: 1) Catalyzed thermochemical destruction of gas phase VOCs, 2) electrolysis by advanced aqueous-phase and novel three-phase electrochemical reactors, and 3) fuel-cells for gas-phase contaminants. Each of the Study Areas will yield effluent streams with unknown, but hopefully lower, toxicity. In all cases, we intend capturing the effluent, even if it appears clean by chemical analysis (GC/ECD, FID, or MS), and subjecting it to toxicological analysis in the Biological Response Section of the Hazard Identification Core. Since all out pilot-scale work will continue to be done at the Park-Euclid field site there is a strong, and pervasive link to the Research Translation Core. This work is responsive to the call from a 1997 National Academies blue ribbon panel for the development of new destructive treatment technologies to help clean up the nation's long list of Superfund sites.