New Technologies for the Remediation

“卤化有机物”项目提出了三个研究领域，每个领域都与处理受污染土壤蒸气和地下水的中心主题有关，重点是破坏目标污染物，而不是捕获和处置。我们将主要关注（但不限于）四氯乙烯（PCE）和三氯乙烯（TCE）的销毁方法，这是我们实验室广泛研究的主题，也是我们过去四年工作的帕克-欧几里得州立超级基金附近VOC污染物清单的主要部分。这项工作的动机是与销毁或最终处置的氯化溶剂，传统上是通过泵和处理或土壤蒸气提取（SVE）从污染场地回收的困难。 这些方法本身只是将污染物从一种介质转移到另一种介质。例如，当活性炭吸收装置装载有PCE时，废炭本身就变成了危险废物，必须照此处理。随后高温焚烧碳可能会产生更多有毒污染物，如二恶英和呋喃，释放到大气中可能会造成更大的健康风险。考虑到这一点，三个研究领域的重点是化学还原或氧化气态或水性氯化有机物使用催化热化学或电化学技术：1）气相VOCs的催化热化学破坏，2）先进的水相和新型三相电化学反应器的电解，以及3）气相污染物的燃料电池。 每个研究区都会产生毒性未知但希望较低的流出物。在所有情况下，我们打算捕获流出物，即使它通过化学分析（GC/ECD、FID或MS）看起来很干净，并在危害识别核心的生物反应部分对其进行毒理学分析。由于所有的试点规模的工作将继续在公园欧几里德现场进行，有一个强大的，普遍的链接到研究翻译核心。 这项工作是响应1997年国家科学院蓝丝带小组的呼吁，开发新的破坏性处理技术，以帮助清理国家的超级基金网站的长名单。

The "Halogenated Organics" project is proposing three Study Areas, each of which is related to the central theme of treating contaminated soil vapor and ground water with an emphasis on destruction of the target pollutant, rather than capture and disposal. We will focus mainly, although not exclusively, on methods for the destruction of perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which have been the subject of extensive study in our laboratories, and which dominate the list of VOC contaminants at the nearby Park-Euclid State Superfund site, where we have worked for the past four years. This work is motivated by difficulties associated with destruction or final disposal of chlorinated solvents that are traditionally recovered from contaminated sites via pump-and-treat or soil-vapor-extraction (SVE) methods, which, in themselves, merely transfer contaminants from one medium to another. For example, when activated carbon absorption units become loaded with PCE the spent carbon itself becomes a hazardous waste and must be handled as such. Subsequent high-temperature incineration of the carbon may produce much more toxic contaminants such as dioxins and furans whose release to the atmosphere might pose an even greater health risk. With this in mind, the three Study Areas focus on chemically reducing or oxidizing gaseous or aqueous chlorinated organics using catalytic thermochemical or electrochemical techniques: 1) Catalyzed thermochemical destruction of gas phase VOCs, 2) electrolysis by advanced aqueous-phase and novel three-phase electrochemical reactors, and 3) fuel-cells for gas-phase contaminants. Each of the Study Areas will yield effluent streams with unknown, but hopefully lower, toxicity. In all cases, we intend capturing the effluent, even if it appears clean by chemical analysis (GC/ECD, FID, or MS), and subjecting it to toxicological analysis in the Biological Response Section of the Hazard Identification Core. Since all out pilot-scale work will continue to be done at the Park-Euclid field site there is a strong, and pervasive link to the Research Translation Core. This work is responsive to the call from a 1997 National Academies blue ribbon panel for the development of new destructive treatment technologies to help clean up the nation's long list of Superfund sites.