The establishment and application of a forward genetic resource for the development of efficient breeding strategies in grass and cereals

所描述的工作将为合并关于草、小麦、大麦、水稻和其他单子叶植物目标性状的遗传控制的数据提供一个通用资源，即从一个物种获得的信息将直接转移到其他物种。这些信息将被草、小麦和大麦育种者等用于开发优良的植物品种。这项工作是针对所有特征的，而不仅仅是单一的特征。然而，初步工作将集中在物种之间关于作物科学评论和Defra概述的关键可持续性和气候变化育种优先事项以及生产性状的遗传信息的融合和转移。这些特征包括氮素利用效率(导致低化肥投入)、对非生物胁迫的耐受性和根构型(导致防止水分流失，从而防止对水道的污染和耐旱性)，这些基因已在黑麦草/高羊茅染色体上确定。这项工作将明确利用已基本测序的水稻基因组，以及单子叶物种在进化过程中在很大程度上保持了基因顺序的事实。还将进行研究，以提高草、小麦、大麦和其他单子叶植物的育种策略的效率。此外，所开展的工作将有助于识别控制目标性状的基因。这些知识将通过常规手段在育种方案中加以利用和利用。

The work described will provide a generic resource for the amalgamation of data on the genetic control of target traits in grass, wheat, barley, rice and other monocots, i.e. information obtained from one species will be directly transferable to the other species. This information will be used by grass, wheat and barley breeders etc. for the development of superior plant varieties. The work is aimed at all traits and not merely a single trait. However, initial work will concentrate on the amalgamation and transfer of genetic information between species on key sustainability and climate change breeding priorities outlined by the Crop Science Review and Defra as well as production traits. These include the traits of nitrogen use efficiency (leading to low fertiliser input), tolerance to abiotic stress and root architecture (leading to prevention of water run off and thus prevention of pollution to water courses and tolerance to drought) for which genes have been identified on Lolium/Festuca chromosomes. The work will make explicit use of the rice genome which has been substantially sequenced and the fact that gene order in the monocot species has to a large extent been maintained during evolution. Research will also be undertaken to improve the efficiency of breeding strategies in grass, wheat, barley and other monocots. In addition the work undertaken will facilitate the identification of genes controlling target traits. This knowledge will be employed and exploited in breeding programmes via conventional means.