Exploitation of interspecific biodiversity for wheat improvement

利用种间生物多样性进行小麦改良

• 批准号: BB/J011827/1
• 负责人: Ian King
• 金额: $ 206.45万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ011827%2F1
• 关键词: Exploitation; interspecific; biodiversity; wheat; improvement

The world's population is set to increase from 6-9 billion by 2050 and thus food production needs to increase by 70% over its present levels. In addition, climate change and the need to develop lower-input farming practises will significantly reduce the production of crops such as wheat. Unfortunately, due to modern breeding practises relatively little genetic variation is available in modern wheat varieties for breeders to develop superior adapted genotypes. The wild relatives (alien species) of wheat provide a vast and largely untapped reservoir of genetic variation (for traits such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, biomass, yield and photosynthetic potential). This variation can be exploited for the development of new high yielding varieties adapted to climate change and environmentally friendly agricultural practises. Examples of previously successful introgressions from alien species into wheat include leaf rust resistance from Aegilops umbellulata (which saved US wheat production from catastrophic failure in 1960); resistance to a range of diseases, tolerance to acid soils and increased yield advantage from rye (in the late 1990s a 1B/1R translocation was present in the majority of the world's wheat varieties and is still present in leading varieties such as "Rialto"); a gene from Ae. ventricosa conferring resistance to eyespot is present in many wheat varieties; many of the top wheat varieties in Europe, e.g. "Robigus", carry genes derived from introgressions from Triticum dicoccoides. The BBSRC have recently funded a research programme aimed at transferring genetic variation to wheat from its wild relatives. These lines will ultimately be exploited to develop new superior high yielding wheat varieties which are adapted to climate change and environmentally friendly farming practises. This funded research programme is in the process of developing 1) large numbers of wheat/alien hybrids, produced by crossing wheat with its distant relatives, and 2) a series of lines of wheat carrying single chromosome segments derived from a range of alien species. For the full potential of this programme to be realised it is essential that the wheat/alien germplasm being generated is screened for a diverse range of traits in multiple environments. In order to do this the present application will assemble an international crop physiology cluster involving groups in the UK, Australia and India. While the research will have global application the emphasis of this programme will focus on developing superior Indian wheat varieties. Over recent years wheat production has stagnated in India with new varieties failing to provide significant improvements in yield potential primarily because of the adverse affects of biotic and abiotic stresses. The introduction of alien germplasm which combats these stresses is thus of critical importance for future wheat production in India.This group will undertake research and screen the wheat/alien germplasm being developed for a range of traits including tolerance to heat, drought (including water use efficiency), acid and alkaline soils and salt; resistance to disease; increased photosynthetic capacity/biomass production and nitrogen use efficiency.As a result of this research the crop physiology cluster will enable the identification of specific alien chromosome segments that carry genes that e.g. confer resistance/tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses, etc. These alien chromosome segments will be directly incorporated into wheat breeding programmes in India at DWR and at the ARI. Furthermore, the data obtained from this programme will be channelled back into the BBSRC funded germplasm programme and in particular to the breeders associated with it in the UK for commercial exploitation. The material will also be exploited by Australian breeders thus providing a further link between the BBSRC and the Grain Research and Development Corporation (GRDC).

到2050年，世界人口将从60亿增加到90亿，因此粮食产量需要在目前水平上增加70%。此外，气候变化和发展投入较低的耕作方式的需要将显著减少小麦等作物的产量。不幸的是，由于现代育种实践，现代小麦品种的遗传变异相对较少，育种者可以用来培育更好的适应基因类型。小麦的野生近亲(外来物种)提供了一个巨大的、基本上未被开发的遗传变异储藏库(遗传变异的特征，如对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性、生物量、产量和光合作用潜力)。这种变异可用于开发适应气候变化和环境友好型农业实践的高产新品种。以前从外来物种导入小麦的成功例子包括：从山羊草(Aegilopsumellulata)获得的抗叶锈病(使美国小麦生产在1960年免于灾难性的失败)；对一系列疾病的抗性、对酸性土壤的耐受性以及来自黑麦的产量优势(在20世纪90年代末，1B/1R易位存在于世界上大多数小麦品种中，现在仍存在于“Rialto”等领先品种中)；来自Ae的基因。在许多小麦品种中都存在对纹枯病的抗性；欧洲的许多顶级小麦品种。“Robigus”，携带从二粒小麦中导入的基因。BBSRC最近资助了一项研究计划，旨在将野生近亲的遗传变异转移到小麦上。这些品系最终将被利用来开发适应气候变化和环境友好型耕作实践的新的优质高产小麦品种。这一受资助的研究方案正在开发1)大量小麦与其远亲杂交产生的小麦/外来杂交种，以及2)携带来自一系列外来物种的单一染色体片段的一系列小麦品系。为了充分发挥这一方案的潜力，必须对正在产生的小麦/外来种质在多种环境中进行各种性状的筛选。为了做到这一点，本申请将汇集一个国际作物生理学集群，涉及英国、澳大利亚和印度的团体。虽然这项研究将在全球范围内应用，但该方案的重点将放在开发优良的印度小麦品种上。近年来，印度小麦生产停滞不前，新品种未能显着提高产量潜力，主要原因是生物和非生物胁迫的不利影响。因此，引进抗击这些逆境的外来种质对印度未来的小麦生产至关重要。该小组将对正在开发的小麦/外来种质的一系列性状进行研究和筛选，包括耐热、耐旱(包括水分利用效率)、耐酸碱土壤和盐分；抗病；作为这项研究的结果，作物生理学集群将能够识别特定的外源染色体片段，这些外源染色体片段携带赋予生物/非生物胁迫抗性/耐受性等基因。这些外源染色体片段将被直接纳入印度的DWR和ARI小麦育种计划。此外，从该计划获得的数据将被引导回BBSRC资助的种质计划，特别是英国与其相关的育种者，用于商业开发。澳大利亚育种者也将利用这些材料，从而在BBSRC和谷物研究与开发公司(GRDC)之间建立进一步的联系。

项目成果

Juvenile root traits show limited correlation with grain yield, yield components and grain mineral composition traits in Indian wheat under hostile soils

恶劣土壤条件下印度小麦的幼根性状与籽粒产量、产量构成和籽粒矿物成分性状的相关性有限

• DOI: 10.1556/0806.47.2019.10
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Cereal Research Communications
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Khokhar J

Nitrogen uptake and remobilization from pre- and post-anthesis stages contribute towards grain yield and grain protein concentration in wheat grown in limited nitrogen conditions

• DOI: 10.1186/s43170-023-00153-7
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Cabi Agriculture and Bioscience
• 作者: Sandeep Sharma;T. Kumar;M. J. Foulkes;S. Orford;A. Singh;L. Wingen;Venkatesh Karnam;Lekshmy S. Nair;P. Mandal;S. Griffiths;M. Hawkesford;P. Shewry;A. Bentley;R. Pandey

Identifying variation for N-use efficiency and associated traits in amphidiploids derived from hybrids of bread wheat and the genera Aegilops, Secale, Thinopyrum and Triticum.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266924
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: PLOS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Nehe, Ajit;King, Julie;King, Ian P.;Murchie, Erik H.;Foulkes, M. John
• 通讯作者: Foulkes, M. John

Correction: Characterising variation in wheat traits under hostile soil conditions in India.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196168
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Khokhar JS;Sareen S;Tyagi BS;Singh G;Chowdhury AK;Dhar T;Singh V;King IP;Young SD;Broadley MR
• 通讯作者: Broadley MR

Genetic variation in N-use efficiency and associated traits in Indian wheat cultivars.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.06.002
• 发表时间: 2018-08-01
• 期刊: Field crops research
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Nehe AS;Misra S;Murchie EH;Chinnathambi K;Foulkes MJ
• 通讯作者: Foulkes MJ