The establishment and application of a forward genetic resource for the development of efficient breeding strategies in grass and cereals

正向遗传资源的建立和应用，用于制定牧草和谷物的高效育种策略

• 批准号: BB/E006736/1
• 负责人: Luke Ramsay
• 金额: $ 6.85万
• 依托单位: James Hutton Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE006736%2F1
• 关键词: establishment; application; forward; genetic; resource

The work described will provide a generic resource for the amalgamation of data on the genetic control of target traits in grass, wheat, barley, rice and other monocots, i.e. information obtained from one species will be directly transferable to the other species. This information will be used by grass, wheat and barley breeders etc. for the development of superior plant varieties. The work is aimed at all traits and not merely a single trait. However, initial work will concentrate on the amalgamation and transfer of genetic information between species on key sustainability and climate change breeding priorities outlined by the Crop Science Review and Defra as well as production traits. These include the traits of nitrogen use efficiency (leading to low fertiliser input), tolerance to abiotic stress and root architecture (leading to prevention of water run off and thus prevention of pollution to water courses and tolerance to drought) for which genes have been identified on Lolium/Festuca chromosomes. The work will make explicit use of the rice genome which has been substantially sequenced and the fact that gene order in the monocot species has to a large extent been maintained during evolution. Research will also be undertaken to improve the efficiency of breeding strategies in grass, wheat, barley and other monocots. In addition the work undertaken will facilitate the identification of genes controlling target traits. This knowledge will be employed and exploited in breeding programmes via conventional means.

所述工作将为草、小麦、大麦、水稻和其他单子叶植物目标性状遗传控制的数据合并提供通用资源，即从一个物种获得的信息将直接转移到另一个物种。这些信息将被草、小麦和大麦育种者等用来开发优良的植物品种。这项工作针对的是所有特征，而不仅仅是单一特征。然而，初步工作将集中于《作物科学评论》和 Defra 概述的关键可持续性和气候变化育种优先事项以及生产性状的物种之间遗传信息的合并和转移。这些特征包括氮利用效率（导致肥料投入低）、对非生物胁迫的耐受性和根系结构（导致防止水流失，从而防止水道污染和耐干旱），这些基因已在黑麦草/羊茅染色体上被鉴定。这项工作将明确利用已被充分测序的水稻基因组，以及单子叶植物物种的基因顺序在进化过程中很大程度上得到维持的事实。还将开展研究以提高草、小麦、大麦和其他单子叶植物育种策略的效率。此外，所开展的工作将有助于识别控制目标性状的基因。这些知识将通过传统方式在育种计划中得到运用和利用。