Exploring mechanisms for the resolution of ambiguity in visual scenes
探索解决视觉场景中模糊性的机制
基本信息
- 批准号:BB/E012698/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 23.91万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2007
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2007 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Humans live in a constantly changing visual environment: The visual system must construct a stable, three-dimensional representation of this dynamic visual world in real time, based primarily on two, two-dimensional retinal inputs. The visual system solves the fundamental problem of achieving seamless everyday visual experience using complex underlying computational and inferential processing to simplify and resolve inevitable ambiguities. The proposed work looks at two of these strategies: grouping of visual features and storage of visual information. Grouping of visual features Bi-stable stimuli such as the Necker Cube are useful demonstrations of vision as perceptual reconstruction. The Cube provides a constant optical input to the visual system but the observer's perceptual interpretation switches between two alternatives. Another important form of bi-stability is binocular rivalry. When conflicting images are presented to corresponding points in the two eyes (e.g. horizontal lines to one eye, vertical to the other), perception switches between the two views, rather than simply merging them. Fluctuating perceptions of physically stable stimuli offer unique opportunities to study neural processing. Traditional accounts of rivalry involve a competition between the two eyes' visual information but recent evidence has demonstrated that rivalry hierarchically engages a set of increasingly elaborate processes. For example, in pattern rivalry, an image is divided piecemeal between the two eyes but this may produce stable perception of the entire image. Although this implies mechanisms that are more complex than eye-based competition, it remains unclear how the different levels of processing are coordinated or what determines visual priority when switching occurs. The proposed work will extend current understanding of the visual processing hierarchy by focusing on surface-based influences on rivalry. We exist in a world of surface-based objects, which the visual system must assimilate from visual primitives. Thus, surface completion processes may influence the relative dominance of binocular rivalry targets and this can be examined experimentally. The importance of the proposed research is apparent when considering our visual experience: Does the priority for representing surface information influence our perceptual experience when viewing bi-stable stimuli? Answering this question would provide a useful insight into how the perceptual system organises, simplifies, and disambiguates visual input. Storage of visual information The visual system combines information about an object or scene from many different sources (binocular cues, shading, perspective, etc.). Because visual input may, however, be disrupted or degraded when objects are obscured from vision, or when changes in lighting (or other factors) alter the pattern of light entering the eye, it is advantageous to be able to integrate visual information over time to obtain reliable information regarding object properties. It is known that visual information can be 'stored' and used to inform perceptual decisions at a later time, but the mechanisms involved are as yet unclear. This is the focus of the second set of experiments, which will use imaging techniques in combination with psychophysics to elucidate the mechanisms of perceptual decision making. Do brain areas responding to relevant visual attributes (motion, disparity) store information by maintaining their activity or do separate regions exist that integrate information across attributes? What is the time course of storage and how long is it maintained? Highlighting brain mechanisms responsible for the temporal integration and storage of visual information would add substantially to our understanding of visual functioning.
人类生活在一个不断变化的视觉环境中:视觉系统必须在真实的时间内构建一个稳定的,三维的动态视觉世界的表示,主要基于两个,二维的视网膜输入。视觉系统解决了实现无缝的日常视觉体验的基本问题,使用复杂的底层计算和推理处理来简化和解决不可避免的模糊性。拟议的工作着眼于这些策略中的两个:视觉特征的分组和视觉信息的存储。双稳态刺激如内克尔立方体是视觉作为知觉重建的有用证明。立方体为视觉系统提供恒定的光学输入,但观察者的感知解释在两种选择之间切换。双稳态的另一种重要形式是双眼竞争。当冲突的图像被呈现给两只眼睛中的对应点时(例如,一只眼睛的水平线,另一只眼睛的垂直线),感知在两个视图之间切换,而不是简单地合并它们。对物理稳定刺激的波动感知为研究神经处理提供了独特的机会。传统的关于竞争的描述涉及到两只眼睛视觉信息之间的竞争,但最近的证据表明,竞争在等级上涉及一系列日益复杂的过程。例如,在图案竞争中,图像在两个眼睛之间被分割成碎片,但这可以产生对整个图像的稳定感知。虽然这意味着比基于眼睛的竞争更复杂的机制,但仍不清楚不同级别的处理是如何协调的,或者当切换发生时,是什么决定了视觉优先级。拟议中的工作将扩大目前的理解视觉处理层次的重点是基于表面的竞争的影响。我们生活在一个基于表面的物体的世界里,视觉系统必须从视觉原语中吸收这些物体。因此,表面完成过程可能会影响双眼竞争目标的相对优势,这可以通过实验来研究。当考虑我们的视觉体验时,所提出的研究的重要性是显而易见的:当观看双稳态刺激时,表示表面信息的优先级是否会影响我们的感知体验?探讨这个问题将有助于我们深入了解感知系统是如何组织、简化和消除视觉输入的歧义的。视觉系统结合了来自许多不同来源的关于物体或场景的信息(双目线索,阴影,透视等)。然而,因为当对象从视觉上被遮挡时,或者当照明(或其他因素)的变化改变进入眼睛的光的图案时,视觉输入可能被中断或降级,所以能够随时间整合视觉信息以获得关于对象属性的可靠信息是有利的。众所周知,视觉信息可以被“存储”,并在稍后的时间用于通知感知决策,但所涉及的机制尚不清楚。这是第二组实验的重点,将使用成像技术结合心理物理学来阐明知觉决策的机制。对相关视觉属性(运动、视差)做出反应的大脑区域是否通过保持它们的活动来存储信息,或者是否存在不同的区域来整合不同属性的信息?储存的时间过程是什么,维持多长时间?强调负责视觉信息的时间整合和存储的大脑机制将大大增加我们对视觉功能的理解。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Contextual effects in speed perception may occur at an early stage of processing.
速度感知中的情境效应可能发生在处理的早期阶段。
- DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2009.11.011
- 发表时间:2010
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.8
- 作者:Baker DH
- 通讯作者:Baker DH
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Erich Graf其他文献
From Ontologies to Knowledge Augmented Large Language Models for Automation: A decision-making guidance for achieving human–robot collaboration in Industry 5.0
从本体论到用于自动化的知识增强型大型语言模型:实现工业 5.0 中人机协作的决策指南
- DOI:
10.1016/j.compind.2025.104329 - 发表时间:
2025-10-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:9.100
- 作者:
John Oyekan;Christopher Turner;Michael Bax;Erich Graf - 通讯作者:
Erich Graf
Ludwik Flecks vergleichende Erkenntnistheorie : die Debatte in Przeglad Filozoficzny 1936-1937
路德维克·弗莱克斯 (Ludwik Flecks) 的研究理论:1936-1937 年 Przeglad Filozoficzny 中的辩论
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2008 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Birgit Griesecke;Erich Graf - 通讯作者:
Erich Graf
Erich Graf的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Erich Graf', 18)}}的其他基金
International Research Fellowship Program: Early Binocular Integration of Motion and Depth Information
国际研究奖学金计划:运动和深度信息的早期双目整合
- 批准号:
0107383 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 23.91万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship Award
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