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Understanding and exploiting the diversity of form in Miscanthus

理解和利用芒草形态的多样性

基本信息

批准号：
BB/E024319/1
负责人：
Kerrie Farrar
金额：
$ 113.75万
依托单位：
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE024319%2F1
关键词：
Understanding exploiting diversity form Miscanthus

项目摘要

In order to tackle the problem of climate change, and address the challenge of atmospheric CO2 abatement, sustainable technologies must be developed and introduced. One of these technologies involves the use of energy crops to replace coal, oil and natural gas in direct combustion, gasification, biodiesel production, and fermentation to alcohols. The advantage of biomass over fossil fuels is that combustion releases only the carbon taken up during growth, and so the energy generated is carbon neutral. The UK government aims to generate 10% of energy from biomass by 2010 to help achieve it's obligations under the Kyoto Climate Change Agreement. Moreover biomass is the only renewable capable of providing liquid transport fuels and green chemicals and there is a UK target of 5% of transport fuels to be renewable by 2010. Miscanthus is a giant perennial grass with excellent characteristics for a biomass crop in Northern Europe as it combines rapid growth with tolerance to low temperatures. Once established, it requires minimal fertiliser input and has excellent disease resistance whilst producing a high yield of biomass annually. However a fundamental understanding of the growth and development in Miscanthus is lacking because it is a novel crop for Europe, and is now needed. Preliminary research has identified several plant characteristics of interest in relation to yield and quality of biomass. For example, plant size and shape are of paramount importance, in particular the relationship between stem diameter and height. These characteristics are already known to be readily measurable and under genetic control, and are therefore open to improvement by crop breeding. Biomass yield is directly correlated with plant height, and stem diameter is also an important character to prevent plants falling over. Currently, the most commonly planted energy crop is Miscanthus x giganteus, a naturally occurring hybrid between Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The two parent species display contrasting forms: Miscanthus sinensis is compact with numerous stems while Miscanthus sacchariflorus is tall with few stems. IGER has a unique collection of Miscanthus, the most comprehensive in Europe, which includes plants with very different forms that can be used to identify the genes responsible for characteristics such as stem height and thickness. Miscanthus takes three years to become fully established, so the use of DNA sequences to predict the mature plant characteristics would greatly speed up the breeding process to increase biomass yield. This project aims to develop suitable sequences and use them to understand what controls growth and form in Miscanthus, and hence assist the breeding programme.

为了应对气候变化问题，应对大气二氧化碳减排的挑战，必须开发和引入可持续技术。其中一项技术涉及在直接燃烧、气化、生产生物柴油和发酵生产酒精方面使用能源作物取代煤炭、石油和天然气。与化石燃料相比，生物质的优势是燃烧只释放生长过程中吸收的碳，因此产生的能量是碳中性的。英国政府的目标是到2010年生物质发电占能源总量的10%，以帮助履行《京都气候变化协议》规定的义务。此外，生物质是唯一能够提供液体运输燃料和绿色化学品的可再生能源，英国的目标是到2010年5%的运输燃料是可再生的。芒属是一种巨大的多年生草本植物，具有良好的特性，是北欧的生物质作物，因为它结合了快速生长和对低温的耐受性。一旦建成，它只需要最少的化肥投入，并具有极好的抗病能力，同时每年产生高产量的生物质。然而，对芒属植物的生长和发育缺乏基本的了解，因为它是欧洲的一种新作物，现在需要。初步研究已经确定了几个与生物量的产量和质量有关的植物特征。例如，植物的大小和形状是最重要的，特别是茎直径和高度之间的关系。人们已经知道，这些特征很容易测量，并受基因控制，因此可以通过作物育种进行改进。生物量与株高直接相关，茎粗也是防止植株倒伏的重要性状。目前，种植最普遍的能源作物是芒属x Giganteus，这是芒属和芒属糖花的天然杂交品种。这两个亲本种表现出截然不同的形态：芒属紧凑，茎多，而芒属糖花高，茎少。艾格有一个独特的芒属植物收藏，这是欧洲最全面的，其中包括具有非常不同形式的植物，这些植物可以用来识别决定茎高和茎粗等特征的基因。芒属植物需要三年的时间才能完全建立起来，因此利用DNA序列预测成熟植株的特征将大大加快育种进程，从而提高生物量。该项目旨在开发合适的序列，并利用它们来了解是什么控制了芒属的生长和形态，从而帮助育种计划。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Production Factors Controlling the Physical Characteristics of Biochar Derived from Phytoremediation Willow for Agricultural Applications

DOI：
10.1007/s12155-013-9380-x
发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
BioEnergy Research
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
A. Fletcher;Malcolm A. Smith;A. Heinemeyer;R. Lord;C. Ennis;E. Hodgson;K. Farrar
通讯作者：
A. Fletcher;Malcolm A. Smith;A. Heinemeyer;R. Lord;C. Ennis;E. Hodgson;K. Farrar

Understanding and engineering beneficial plant-microbe interactions: plant growth promotion in energy crops.