Behavior Change Theory to HIV Prevention

描述：这项建议涉及将态度和行为改变领域的最新理论发展应用于艾滋病毒预防干预措施的设计，以减少性行为风险。PI和她的团队将开发四个项目。项目1(目前由R01资助)包括一项关于选择性接触艾滋病毒预防材料和参与艾滋病毒预防咨询干预的实地试验。它的结果将使我们能够估计哪些人可能接触到预防计划，并以吸引最不情愿的受众的方式设计这些计划。项目2将包括为随机对照试验收集试点数据，以研究干预者的专业知识与老练的影响，以及艾滋病毒预防干预的促进者和接受者之间的人口结构相似性，主要是在非裔美国人中。该项目将产生关于最佳选择专家的宝贵数据，并为艾滋病毒预防干预措施对减少不同性别和族裔人口的性风险行为产生最大影响奠定基础。项目3将通过一系列预备性实验室实验和先导性实地研究，研究行动目标(考虑性行为、打算禁欲)对这一领域态度和行为的形成和改变的影响。因此，项目3将为调查性禁欲和性行为意向可以在多大程度上提高艾滋病毒预防干预措施的有效性提供基础，这些受众对减少风险做法的态度是好的还是坏的。项目4将包括关于干预措施的影响的试点实验，这些干预措施与接受者可能随后的行为相冲突，并需要改进它们对不遵守行为的预期。这项试验性研究对于复制我们早先的发现至关重要，即作为预防性干预的一部分，提出不切实际的要求会导致不遵守规定，并最终导致接受者推断他们对降低风险行为持负面态度。职业发展计划侧重于旨在促进候选人在该领域取得高级地位和领导地位的活动，包括出席会议、组织会议、与资深科学家合作、培训学生、博士后助理和初级教员，以及在社区传播研究成果。

DESCRIPTION: This proposal concerns the application of recent theoretical developments in the area of attitude and behavior change to the design of HIV-prevention interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior. Four projects will be developed by the PI and her team. Project 1 (currently funded through an R01) comprises a field experiment concerning selective exposure to HIV-prevention materials and participation in HlV-prevention counseling interventions. Its results will allow us to estimate which people are likely to come into contact with preventive programs and to design these programs in ways that attract the most reluctant audiences. Project 2 will include the collection of pilot data for a randomized control trial to study the influence of the interventionist's expertise vs. laity, as well as the demographic similarity between the facilitators and recipients of HIV-prevention intervention, primarily among African-Americans. This project will yield invaluable data concerning the best selection of experts and lays for maximal impact of HIV-prevention interventions on the reduction of sexual risk behavior for gender- and ethnicity-diverse populations. Project 3 will study the influence of action goals (thinking about having sex, intentions to be abstinent) on the formation and change of attitudes and behaviors in this domain through a series of preparatory laboratory experiments, and a pilot field study. Thus, Project 3 will provide the basis for investigating the degree to which sexual abstinence and sexual activity intentions may increase the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventions for audiences with well- vs. ill-formed attitudes about risk reduction practices. Project 4 will comprise pilot experiments on the influence of interventions that conflict with the likely subsequent behavior of recipients and the need to refine them anticipating noncompliance behavior. This pilot research is essential to replicate our earlier findings that making unrealistic requests as part of a preventive intervention elicits noncompliance and ultimately leads to recipients' inferences that they have a negative attitude about risk reduction behaviors. The career development plan focuses on activities designed to advance the candidate's progress toward senior status and leadership in the field, including conference attendance, conference organization, collaboration with senior scientists, as well as training of students, postdoctoral associates, and junior faculty, and dissemination of research in the community.